{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:15:14Z","timestamp":1789496114981,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided single-session microwave ablation for benign thyroid nodules &amp;gt;4 cm by comparing outcomes with smaller nodules (&amp;lt;4 cm).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective single-center study (2016\u20132023) analyzed 1,107 patients with 1,463 pathologically confirmed benign thyroid nodules stratified by maximum diameter into four groups: \u226420, 20\u201340, 40\u201360, and \u226560 mm. Standardized follow-up was performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-microwave ablation and then annually. Volume reduction ratio, maximum diameter reduction ratio, recurrence rate, and complications were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort (127 males and 980 females) had a mean age of 45.8 \u00b1 12.7 years and a mean maximum nodule diameter of 28.9 \u00b1 14.6 mm. Complication rates significantly increased with nodule size (2.59, 5.55, 13.36, and 16.67%, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Technical efficacy exceeded 90% across all groups (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Volume reduction ratio improved significantly over time across all groups, with statistical differences at 1, 6, 12, and \u226524 months (all P &amp;lt; 0.001) but not at 3 months (P = 0.085). The \u226420 mm group achieved the highest volume reduction ratio at \u226524 months (96% \u00b1 14%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultrasound-guided single-session microwave ablation is safe and effective for large benign thyroid nodules, providing significant volume reduction with acceptable complication profiles while reducing treatment burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-26-0013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T17:54:55Z","timestamp":1789494895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The efficacy and safety of microwave ablation in benign large thyroid nodules (\u22654 cm)"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hongye","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Sichuan University affiliated Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu Second People\u2019s Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University 1 , ,","place":["Chengdu, China"]},{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 5 ,","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaonan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ultrasonic Medical Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2 , ,","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 3 , ,","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 3 , ,","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 4 , ,","place":["Chengdu, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thyroid Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 4 , ,","place":["Chengdu, 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