{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:05:21Z","timestamp":1791846321564,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["jme.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Expression of the pro-opiomelanocortin (\n                    <jats:italic>POMC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene integrates numerous inputs that reflect the developmental history of POMC-expressing cells of the pituitary and hypothalamus, as well as their critical role in the endocrine system. These inputs are integrated at specific regulatory sequences within the promoter and pituitary or hypothalamic enhancers of the\n                    <jats:italic>POMC<\/jats:italic>\n                    locus. Investigations of developmental mechanisms and transcription factors (TFs) responsible for pituitary activation of\n                    <jats:italic>POMC<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription led to the discovery of the Pitx factors that have critical roles in pituitary development and striking patterning functions in embryonic development. Terminal differentiation of the two pituitary POMC lineages, the corticotrophs and melanotrophs, is controlled by Tpit; mutations of the human\n                    <jats:italic>TPIT<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene cause isolated adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency. Intermediate lobe and melanotroph identity is provided by the pioneer TF Pax7 that remodels chromatin to reveal a new repertoire of enhancers for Tpit action. Many signaling pathways regulate\n                    <jats:italic>POMC<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription including activation by hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing hormone acting through the orphan nuclear receptors of the Nur family and feedback repression by glucocorticoids and their glucocorticoid receptor. TFs of the basic helix-loop-helix, Smad, Stat, Etv, and nuclear factor-B families also mediate signals for control of\n                    <jats:italic>POMC<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription. Whereas most of these regulatory processes are conserved in different species, there are also notable differences between specific targets for regulation of the human compared with mouse\n                    <jats:italic>POMC<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/jme-15-0289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,7]],"date-time":"2016-06-07T22:49:41Z","timestamp":1465339781000},"page":"T99-T112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["60 YEARS OF POMC: Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of POMC gene expression"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Jacques","family":"Drouin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de g\u00e9n\u00e9tique mol\u00e9culaireInstitut de recherches cliniques de Montr\u00e9al (IRCM), Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117779"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01388"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413428200"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413427200"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1444606"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01885-08"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-5-9-1301"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.9.6.745"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brue T Quentien M Khetchoumian K Bensa M Capo-Chichi J Delemer B Balsalobre A Nassif C Papadimitriou DT Pagnier A 2014 Mutations in NFKB2 and potential genetic heterogeneity in patients with DAVID syndrome, having variable endocrine and immune deficiencies. BMC Medical Genetics 15 139. (doi:10.1186\/s12881-014-0139-9)","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-014-0139-9"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.202788"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.200436.112"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2006-0557"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campos-Melo D Galleguillos D Sanchez N Gysling K Andres ME 2013 Nur transcription factors in stress and addiction. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 6 44. (doi:10.3389\/fnmol.2013.00044)","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2013.00044"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0052"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.09.009"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M706119200"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coupe B Bouret SG 2013 Development of the hypothalamic melanocortin system. Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne) 4 38. (doi:10.3389\/fendo.2013.00038)","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00038"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1659"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.8.3076-3086.2005"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2010.10.114"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.9.12.5305"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05640.x","article-title":"Novel glucocorticoid receptor complex with DNA element of the hormone-repressed POMC gene","volume":"12","author":"Drouin","year":"1993","journal-title":"EMBO Journal"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2007.00877.x"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(89)90145-4"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003359900970"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.20.4643","article-title":"Dosage requirement of Pitx2 for development of multiple organs","volume":"126","author":"Gage","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(85)90154-6"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-1-10-677"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gali Ramamoorthy T Begum G Harno E White A 2015 Developmental programming of hypothalamic neuronal circuits: impact on energy balance control. Frontiers in Neuroscience 9 126. (doi:10.3389\/fnins.2015.00126)","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00126"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418335112"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/306374a0"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/mend-4-11-1689"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(03)00162-1"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.7.11.4058"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.143R001"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5749","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.24.5749","article-title":"Mouse Pitx2 deficiency leads to anomalies of the ventral body wall, heart, extra- and periocular mesoderm and right pulmonary isomerism","volume":"126","author":"Kitamura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.16.7.1638"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2007.04.034"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.053421"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2014.04.006"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lam DD de Souza FS Nasif S Yamashita M Lopez-Leal R Otero-Corchon V Meece K Sampath H Mercer AJ Wardlaw SL 2015 Partially redundant enhancers cooperatively maintain Mammalian pomc expression above a critical functional threshold. PLoS Genetics 11 e1004935. (doi:10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004935)","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004935"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(02)00280-0"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00282-3"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2003-0127"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.10.10.1284"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.14.2807","article-title":"The bicoid-related homeoprotein Ptx1 defines the most anterior domain of the embryo and differentiates posterior from anterior lateral mesoderm","volume":"124","author":"Lanct\u00f4t","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.140.3.1416"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.9.1805","article-title":"Hindlimb patterning and mandible development require the Ptx1 gene","volume":"126","author":"Lanct\u00f4t","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0422"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.04.021"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0567"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-20-12-1539"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.10.3823"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/45803"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/45797"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.11.7549"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305626200"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.3.763-776.2003"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0333"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20091957"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1500672112"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2004-0425"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0230529100"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2126"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1453"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.10.5946"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.10.5952"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.11.6673"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.13.4826-4837.2000"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1065603"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1065703"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0407"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M809023200"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118615"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3166","article-title":"Mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP8 cause Cushing\u2019s disease","volume":"47","author":"Reincke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3776","article-title":"A C-terminal HSP90 inhibitor restores glucocorticoid sensitivity and relieves a mouse allograft model of Cushing disease","volume":"21","author":"Riebold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2010-0091"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3324"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000126566"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.12.2109"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/527"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13305"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.4.484"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000258691"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.11.7.3492"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.13.4.2342"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90038-X"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.4.2567"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.23.8890"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.12.3.428"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.12.3431"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000054547"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021934"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1300"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0284"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00464"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03522.x"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M804965200"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6631","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-17-06631.1998","article-title":"Authentic cell-specific and developmentally regulated expression of pro-opiomelanocortin genomic fragments in hypothalamic and hindbrain neurons of transgenic mice","volume":"18","author":"Young","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.425504"},{"key":"2016060719184378000_56.4.T99.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424228112"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jme.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/jme\/56\/4\/T99.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jme.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/jme\/56\/4\/T99.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:52:53Z","timestamp":1784555573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/jme\/article\/56\/4\/T99-T112\/11692"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/jme-15-0289","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-5041","1479-6813"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-5041","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-6813","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}}}