{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:13:41Z","timestamp":1787022821570,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692748800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jme.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors that increase the risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and include obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. Recent research indicates that excessive production of aldosterone and associated activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) impair insulin metabolic signaling, promote insulin resistance, and increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and CVD. Moreover, activation of specific epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in endothelial cells (EnNaC), which are downstream targets of endothelial-specific MR (ECMR) signaling, are also believed to play a crucial role in the development of metabolic syndrome and CVD. These adverse effects of ECMR\/EnNaC activation are mediated by increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolic disorders. It is worth noting that ECMR\/EnNaC activation and the pathophysiology underlying metabolic syndrome and CVD appears to exhibit sexual dimorphism. Targeting ECMR\/EnNaC signaling may have a beneficial effect in preventing insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and related CVD. This review aims to examine our current understanding of the relationship between MR activation and increased metabolic syndrome and CVD, with particular emphasis placed on the role for endothelial-specific ECMR\/EnNaC signaling in these pathological processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/jme-23-0066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T06:59:00Z","timestamp":1692773940000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Vascular endothelial mineralocorticoid receptors and epithelial sodium channels in metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0018-5925","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guanghong","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R","family":"Sowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"1719","article-title":"Relations of insulin sensitivity to longitudinal blood pressure tracking: variations with baseline age, body mass index, and blood pressure","volume":"112","author":"Arnlov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arnlov JPencina MJNam BHMeigs JBFox CSLevy DD'agostino RB & Vasan RS2005Relations of insulin sensitivity to longitudinal blood pressure tracking: variations with baseline age, body mass index, and blood pressure. 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