{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:07:57Z","timestamp":1790082477044,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["jme.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are a proliferative multipotent population derived from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst, which will give rise to all the functional cell types of the trophoblast compartment of the placenta. The isolation and culture of TSCs\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    represent a robust model to study mechanisms of trophoblast differentiation into mature cells both in successful and diseased pregnancy. Despite the highly conserved functions of the placenta, there is extreme variability in placental morphology, fetal\u2013maternal interface, and development among eutherian mammals. This review aims to summarize the establishment and maintenance of TSCs in mammals such as primates, including human, rodents, and nontraditional animal models with a primary emphasis on epigenetic regulation of their origin while defining gaps in the current literature and areas of further development. FGF signaling is critical for mouse TSCs but dispensable for derivation of TSCs in other species. Human, simian, and bovine TSCs have much more complicated requirements of signaling pathways including activation of WNT and inhibition of TGF\u03b2 cascades. Epigenetic features such as DNA and histone methylation as well as histone acetylation are dynamic during development and are expressed in cell- and gestational age-specific pattern in placental trophoblasts. While TSCs from different species seem to recapitulate some select epigenomic features, there is a limitation in the comprehensive understanding of TSCs and how well TSCs retain placental epigenetic marks. Therefore, future studies should be directed at investigating epigenomic features of global and placental-specific gene expression in primary trophoblasts and TSCs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/jme-23-0131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T09:44:50Z","timestamp":1706262290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Conserved and divergent features of trophoblast stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Nirvay","family":"Sah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"},{"name":"Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7423-9167","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francesca","family":"Soncin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"},{"name":"Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology","first-page":"2748","article-title":"Trophoblast stem cell maintenance by fibroblast growth factor 4 requires MEKK4 activation of Jun N-terminal kinase","volume":"29","author":"Abell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abell ANGranger DAJohnson NLVincent-Jordan NDibble CF & Johnson GL2009Trophoblast stem cell maintenance by fibroblast growth factor 4 requires MEKK4 activation of Jun N-terminal kinase. 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