{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T17:17:41Z","timestamp":1785691061364,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["joe.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Asthma is a prevalent respiratory disorder triggered by a variety of inhaled environmental factors, such as allergens, viruses, and pollutants. Asthma is characterized by an elevated activation of the smooth muscle surrounding the airways, as well as a propensity of the airways to narrow excessively in response to a spasmogen (i.e. contractile agonist), a feature called airway hyperresponsiveness. The level of airway smooth muscle (ASM) activation is putatively controlled by mediators released in its vicinity. In asthma, many mediators that affect ASM contractility originate from inflammatory cells that are mobilized into the airways, such as eosinophils. However, mounting evidence indicates that mediators released by remote organs can also influence the level of activation of ASM, as well as its level of responsiveness to spasmogens and relaxant agonists. These remote mediators are transported through circulating blood to act either directly on ASM or indirectly via the nervous system by tuning the level of cholinergic activation of ASM. Indeed, mediators generated from diverse organs, including the adrenals, pancreas, adipose tissue, gonads, heart, intestines, and stomach, affect the contractility of ASM. Together, these results suggest that, apart from a paracrine mode of regulation, ASM is subjected to an endocrine mode of regulation. The results also imply that defects in organs other than the lungs can contribute to asthma symptoms and severity. In this review, I suggest that the endocrine mode of regulation of ASM contractility is overlooked.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/joe-14-0220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T09:48:30Z","timestamp":1402912110000},"page":"R61-R73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Endocrine regulation of airway contractility is overlooked"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Ynuk","family":"Boss\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1_22376268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.1.66","volume":"130","author":"Akerman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0012-3692","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"2_29149341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/02770900701423597","volume":"44","author":"Al-Shawwa","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0277-0903","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"3_15890571","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.6.7767551","volume":"151","author":"Angus","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"4_16269983","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.1.71","volume":"51","author":"Angus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thorax","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0040-6376","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"5_37274096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01767.x","volume":"15","author":"Arshi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1323-7799","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"6_48198335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.12.004","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"CELL METABOLISM"},{"issue":"5","key":"7_23651250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01425.2006","volume":"102","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-8987","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9678","key":"8_34974922","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60326-3","volume":"373","author":"Barnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0140-6736","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"9_30083999","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00138707","volume":"31","author":"Bateman","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0903-1936","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"10_23304314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701274","volume":"121","author":"Belmonte","year":"1997","journal-title":"British journal of pharmacology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0007-1188","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"11_6218371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.5.1708","volume":"85","author":"Belmonte","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-8987","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8607","key":"12_4971198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)93481-1","volume":"2","author":"Beynon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0140-6736","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"13_32549795","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.10.039","volume":"601","author":"Bordallo","year":"2008","journal-title":"European journal of pharmacology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-2999","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"11","key":"14_43962482","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2012.09.002","volume":"18","author":"Bosse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends in molecular medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1471-4914","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_31459339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0150OC","volume":"40","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1044-1549","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"16_36634162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021909-135851","volume":"72","author":"Bosse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annual Review of Physiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0066-4278","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"17_35457277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.06.027","volume":"124","author":"Bousquet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1097-6825","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"18_23094464","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L908","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00407.2006","volume":"292","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1040-0605","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"19_22952484","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200509-1493OC","volume":"175","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"20_11044781","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.2.2003040","volume":"163","author":"CARLSON","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"21_18454851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00130803","volume":"24","author":"Cavalher-Machado","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0903-1936","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"22_42746003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0449OC","volume":"47","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1044-1549","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"23_22898975","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-9-200611070-00009","volume":"145","author":"Ceglia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-4819","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"24_16732360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1997.tb03703.x","volume":"17","author":"Chandler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0277-0008","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"25_38137863","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201004-0603OC","volume":"183","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"26_23391539","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704602","volume":"135","author":"Coulson","year":"2002","journal-title":"British journal of pharmacology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0007-1188","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"27_6421991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.ats11-99","volume":"161","author":"Crapo","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"28_30772217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/08820130801967833","volume":"37","author":"Cui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunological investigations","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0882-0139","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"29_18060126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.3.752","volume":"27","author":"Davis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0149-5992","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"30_11424704","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.10.2102009","volume":"164","author":"DEGANO","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"31_48198336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2003.08.007","volume":"138","year":"2003","journal-title":"RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY NEUROBIOLOGY"},{"issue":"4","key":"32_33936221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0251OC","volume":"41","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1044-1549","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"33_18683072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0331OC","volume":"32","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1044-1549","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"34_48198337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-008-9129-z","volume":"187","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lung","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0341-2040","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"35_48198338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2011.56","volume":"13","year":"2013","journal-title":"The pharmacogenomics journal","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1470-269X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"36_48198339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2012.11.001","volume":"26","year":"2013","journal-title":"PULMONARY PHARMACOLOGY THERAPEUTICS"},{"key":"37_48037995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2013.05.009","volume":"138","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0960-0760","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"38_23297303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1983.tb09409.x","volume":"78","author":"Foster","year":"1983","journal-title":"British journal of pharmacology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0007-1188","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"39_5837613","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.6.9611016","volume":"156","author":"Fredberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"40_17923371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.08.081","volume":"481","author":"Gosens","year":"2003","journal-title":"European journal of pharmacology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-2999","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"41_13773988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(86)90406-1","volume":"121","author":"Hamel","year":"1986","journal-title":"European journal of pharmacology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-2999","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"42_48198340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2010.04.006","volume":"104","year":"2010","journal-title":"ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY"},{"issue":"10","key":"43_17836417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2003.01743.x","volume":"33","author":"Hellings","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0954-7894","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2007","key":"44_6250004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S201","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.supplement_2.13tac190","volume":"158","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"12","key":"45_40023052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2011.02534.x","volume":"41","author":"Holgate","year":"2011","journal-title":"European journal of clinical investigation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0014-2972","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"46_42593907","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3109\/07435800.2012.654555","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrine research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0743-5800","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"47_15697827","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07091593","volume":"7","author":"Hulks","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Respiratory Journal","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0903-1936","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"48_30805719","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01613.x","volume":"63","author":"Husemoen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Allergy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0105-4538","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"12","key":"49_13762053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.40.12.903","volume":"40","author":"Ind","year":"1985","journal-title":"Thorax","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0040-6376","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6464","key":"50_13406254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6464.267","volume":"290","author":"Ind","year":"1985","journal-title":"BMJ","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0959-8138","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"51_5275687","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.6.1390","volume":"139","author":"Ind","year":"1989","journal-title":"The American review of respiratory disease","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0003-0805","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"52_41664469","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2010-0391OC","volume":"46","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1044-1549","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"53_29059833","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200702-323OC","volume":"176","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"54_9655283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3109\/02770909109110625","volume":"28","author":"abdel Khalek","year":"1991","journal-title":"The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0277-0903","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8","key":"55_23119257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706936","volume":"149","author":"Kouloumenta","year":"2006","journal-title":"British journal of pharmacology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0007-1188","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"56_28568282","first-page":"L80","volume":"264","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology -- Legacy Content","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0002-9513","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"57_42787738","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201202-0368OC","volume":"186","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"58_48198341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2780","DOI":"10.4238\/2012.August.24.3","volume":"11","year":"2012","journal-title":"GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH"},{"issue":"2","key":"59_15878355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5122(94)00890-J","volume":"21","author":"Lieberman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Maturitas","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0378-5122","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"60_16051773","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000196448","volume":"62","author":"Lieberman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0025-7931","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"61_21273491","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L856","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00386.2005","volume":"290","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1040-0605","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"62_10961988","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70329-5","volume":"104","author":"Manzolli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1097-6825","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"63_18134659","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00526.x","volume":"59","author":"Masoli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Allergy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0105-4538","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"64_48198342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2009.04.005","volume":"22","year":"2009","journal-title":"PULMONARY PHARMACOLOGY THERAPEUTICS"},{"issue":"8","key":"65_39501421","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01339.x","volume":"163","author":"Matera","year":"2011","journal-title":"British journal of pharmacology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0007-1188","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"66_30003040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0298OC","volume":"38","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1044-1549","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"67_9552589","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/5.1.56","volume":"5","author":"Mitchell","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1044-1549","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"68_40841313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L316","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00130.2011","volume":"302","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1040-0605","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"69_48037986","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0074","volume":"222","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-0795","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"70_31158793","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4486","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1725","volume":"149","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0013-7227","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"71_9424514","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115146","volume":"87","author":"Mukoyama","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9738","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"72_15535745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.1.318","volume":"106","author":"Myers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0012-3692","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"73_30917871","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0091OC","volume":"39","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1044-1549","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"74_36419162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2009-0257OC","volume":"43","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1044-1549","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"75_30012321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.09.029","volume":"120","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1097-6825","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"77_45391265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01489.2012","volume":"114","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-8987","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"78_10542052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(00)00299-0","volume":"21","author":"Ohbayashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Peptides","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0196-9781","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"20","key":"79_6012933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(98)00149-0","volume":"62","author":"Ohbayashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Life sciences","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0024-3205","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"80_48198343","first-page":"273","volume":"23","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zhongguo yao li xue bao = Acta pharmacologica Sinica","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0253-9756","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"81_41827320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0429OC","volume":"47","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1044-1549","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"82_44340510","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00870.2012","volume":"114","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-8987","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"83_48037999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0742-8413(97)00029-7","volume":"118","year":"1997","journal-title":"COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY PART C PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY ENDOCRINOLOGY"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"84_11044018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(00)00215-9","volume":"97","author":"Ratti","year":"2001","journal-title":"Regulatory peptides","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0167-0115","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"85_48198344","first-page":"1","volume":"1","year":"2012","journal-title":"JOURNAL OF ALLERGY THERAPY"},{"issue":"2","key":"86_23747949","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706985","volume":"150","author":"Schaafsma","year":"2007","journal-title":"British journal of pharmacology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0007-1188","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"87_32461386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2008.49.5.804","volume":"49","author":"Shin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Yonsei medical journal","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0513-5796","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"88_19597489","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00336.2003","volume":"95","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-8987","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"89_18607421","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.007","volume":"115","author":"Shore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1097-6825","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"90_22462552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.04.021","volume":"118","author":"Shore","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1097-6825","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"91_43287481","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201203-0573OC","volume":"186","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"92_48198345","first-page":"785835","volume":"2013","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of allergy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-8707","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"93_30757310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.090803","volume":"63","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thorax","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0040-6376","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"94_42330990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201110-1767OC","volume":"186","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"95_10779100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5574","volume":"103","author":"Stafforini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9738","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9256","key":"96_11320417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04067-8","volume":"357","author":"Stene","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0140-6736","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"97_21458249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2005.09.019","volume":"71","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Steroids","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0039-128X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"98_35537101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1080\/02770900903056203","volume":"46","author":"Terzano","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0277-0903","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"99_34218559","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.03197.x","volume":"39","author":"Thuesen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0954-7894","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"100_21813655","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl049","volume":"35","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-5771","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"101_41532520","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0031","volume":"33","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0163-769X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"102_43696291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L923","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00023.2012","volume":"303","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1040-0605","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"103_16035593","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.4.7551368","volume":"152","author":"Troisi","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"104_48198346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2012.747101","volume":"50","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0277-0903","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"105_40642815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57925","volume":"121","author":"Valentino","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9738","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"106_9254748","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950090403","volume":"9","author":"Villa","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatric pulmonology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/8755-6863","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"107_42022952","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1102783","volume":"366","author":"von Mutius","year":"2012","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-4793","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"108_18246851","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200419569","volume":"114","author":"Wagers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9738","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"109_17528234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2203022","volume":"167","author":"Walter","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"110_48198347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2013.07.003","volume":"26","year":"2013","journal-title":"PULMONARY PHARMACOLOGY THERAPEUTICS"},{"issue":"6","key":"111_40231260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2010.31.3384","volume":"31","author":"Wenzel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Allergy and asthma proceedings : the official journal of regional and state allergy societies","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1088-5412","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"112_28904193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20030333","volume":"106","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clinical science","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-9287","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"113_43033156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000336496","volume":"98","author":"Wright","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemical immunology and allergy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1660-2242","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"114_12187002","first-page":"170","volume":"38","author":"Wulfsohn","year":"1964","journal-title":"South African medical journal. Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0038-2469","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"115_48198348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201210-1886OC","volume":"187","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1073-449X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"116_39045835","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-170530","volume":"25","year":"2011","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0892-6638","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"117_39017303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014792108","volume":"108","year":"2011","journal-title":"PNAS","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0027-8424","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/joe.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/joe\/222\/2\/R61.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/joe.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/joe\/222\/2\/R61.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:54:35Z","timestamp":1784555675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/joe\/article\/222\/2\/R61-R73\/22619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/joe-14-0220","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0795","1479-6805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0795","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-6805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,13]]}}}