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TGF\u03b21 is secreted to the extracellular matrix as an inactive latent complex, and its bioavailability is tightly regulated by different components of the TGF\u03b21 system including latent binding proteins, local activators (thrombospondin-1, matrix metalloproteases, integrins, among others), and TGF\u03b2 receptors. Pituitary TGF\u03b21 activity and the expression of different components of the TGF\u03b21 system are regulated by dopamine and estradiol. Prolactinomas (animal models and humans) present reduced TGF\u03b21 activity as well as reduced expression of several components of the TGF\u03b21 system. Therefore, restoration of TGF\u03b21 inhibitory activity represents a novel therapeutic approach to bypass dopamine action in DARPs. The aim of this review is to summarize the large literature supporting TGF\u03b21 important role as a local modulator of pituitary lactotroph function and to provide recent evidence of the restoration of TGF\u03b21 activity as an effective treatment in experimental prolactinomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/joe-15-0451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,23]],"date-time":"2015-12-23T22:48:37Z","timestamp":1450910917000},"page":"R73-R83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The pituitary TGF\u03b21 system as a novel target for the treatment of resistant prolactinomas"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"M Victoria","family":"Recouvreux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M 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