{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:19:57Z","timestamp":1784557197155,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["joe.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes cardiac dysfunction. Although calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to be useful in obesity, we hypothesized that combined CR with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor provides greater efficacy than monotherapy in attenuating cardiac dysfunction and metabolic impairment in HFD-induced obese-insulin resistant rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups to be fed on either a normal diet (ND,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096) or a HFD (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200924) for 12 weeks. Then, HFD rats were divided into 4 subgroups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20096\/subgroup) to receive just the vehicle, CR diet (60% of mean energy intake and changed to ND), vildagliptin (3\u2009mg\/kg\/day) or combined CR and vildagliptin for 4 weeks. Metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac mitochondrial function, left ventricular (LV) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 signaling pathway were determined. Rats on a HFD developed insulin and FGF21 resistance, oxidative stress, cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired LV function. Rats on CR alone showed both decreased body weight and visceral fat accumulation, whereas vildagliptin did not alter these parameters. Rats in CR, vildagliptin and CR plus vildagliptin subgroups had improved insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. However, vildagliptin improved heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac mitochondrial function and LV function better than the CR. Chronic HFD consumption leads to obese-insulin resistance and FGF21 resistance. Although CR is effective in improving metabolic regulation, vildagliptin provides greater efficacy in preventing cardiac dysfunction by improving anti-apoptosis and FGF21 signaling pathways and attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in obese-insulin-resistant rats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/joe-16-0406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,14]],"date-time":"2016-11-14T21:00:23Z","timestamp":1479157223000},"page":"189-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Vildagliptin and caloric restriction for cardioprotection in pre-diabetic rats"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Pongpan","family":"Tanajak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"2Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"3Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiranya","family":"Pintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"2Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"3Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natthaphat","family":"Siri-Angkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"2Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"3Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juthamas","family":"Khamseekaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"2Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"3Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattayaporn","family":"Apaijai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"2Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"3Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siriporn C","family":"Chattipakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"3Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"4Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic SciencesFaculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nipon","family":"Chattipakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"2Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"},{"name":"3Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-031907"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01414.x"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1262"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12176"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102374"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phy2.16"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.087064"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.11.221"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006962107"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.01.011"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164113516134"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0979"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2012-0441"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.154732"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2332"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.301"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0193"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308291101"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20051635"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.273"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085108"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2441"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvq121"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.02.081"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2009.07.001"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00872.x"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00362.2012"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02767","article-title":"Endocrine protection of ischemic myocardium by FGF21 from the liver and adipose tissue","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.30","first-page":"3417","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 as a possible endogenous factor inhibits apoptosis in cardiac endothelial cells","volume":"123","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.04.087"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-8902.2004.00356.x"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2460"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1103-y"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2308","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.12.2308","article-title":"Cardiac autonomic nervous dysfunction in diabetic patients with a mitochondrial DNA mutation: assessment by heart rate variability","volume":"25","author":"Momiyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq273"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3458-7"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2006.06.055","article-title":"Calorie restriction initiated at middle age improved glucose tolerance without affecting age-related impairments of insulin signaling in rat skeletal muscle","volume":"41","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Experimental Gerontology"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087102"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1502"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12088"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3019","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects against cardiac hypertrophy in mice","volume":"4","author":"Planavila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu263","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 protects the heart from oxidative stress","volume":"106","author":"Planavila","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Research"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2009.02.001","article-title":"Effects of curcuminoid supplement on cardiac autonomic status in high-fat-induced obese rats","volume":"25","author":"Pongchaidecha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0232"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2011.02.003"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.03.009"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-12-124"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400889"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e318279b7b1"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02093"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0672"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-15-0289"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12698","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) therapy attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and metabolic disturbance by improving FGF21 sensitivity, cardiac mitochondrial redox homoeostasis and structural changes in pre-diabetic rats","volume":"217","author":"Tanajak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Physiologica"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2011.01.008"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-1435"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1810297"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-014-0557-9","article-title":"Possible role of fibroblast growth factor 21 on atherosclerosis via amelioration of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in apoE mice","volume":"30","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart and Vessels"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2008.00863.x"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00348.2009"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12530"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-10-85"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-015-2358-6"},{"key":"2016113018401405000_232.2.189.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3630-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/joe.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/joe\/232\/2\/189.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/joe.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/joe\/232\/2\/189.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:55:37Z","timestamp":1784555737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/joe\/article\/232\/2\/189-204\/22939"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/joe-16-0406","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-0795","1479-6805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-0795","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-6805","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}}}