{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T14:21:24Z","timestamp":1784557284231,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["joe.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with high mortality. Hormonal alterations during CS may offer prognostic insights. While growth hormone (GH) dynamics have been studied in heart failure, the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in CS remains unclear. IGF-1 exerts cardioprotective effects, including reducing myocardial apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study examines temporal changes in GH and IGF-1 levels in CS and their prognostic value. The Halle-Cardiogenic Shock Registry included 41 AMI patients with CS. GH and IGF-1 levels were measured at admission and on day 1, 2 and 4 post-percutaneous coronary intervention. Differences were analyzed between survivors and non-survivors, as well as by age (&lt;70 vs \u226570 years) and sex. We found that at admission, GH levels (2.86 \u00b1 0.78 \u03bcg\/L) were within the normal range in 75.6% of patients and showed no significant differences between survivors and non-survivors. IGF-1 levels (76.23 \u00b1 5.67 \u03bcg\/L) were at the lower end of normal and declined to 66.8 \u03bcg\/L at 48\u201372 h (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.14). Non-survivors had a more rapid IGF-1 decline, while survivors maintained stable levels. IGF-1 was higher in younger and male patients, while older and female patients showed a greater decline. We conclude that GH levels remained stable and lacked prognostic value, while IGF-1 decline correlated with disease severity and possible hepatic dysfunction. IGF-1 may serve as a biomarker for risk stratification and a therapeutic target for metabolic regulation and recovery in CS, warranting further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/joe-25-0077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T06:22:02Z","timestamp":1746080522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Endocrine response in cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: the prognostic value of growth hormone and IGF-1"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"265","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0534-132X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Priyanka","family":"Boettger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Heart-Center-S\u00fcdwestfalen, St. Marien-Krankenhaus, Siegen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Osteology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff of Justus-Liebig-University, Bad Nauheim, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pallmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Kellner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabell","family":"Schellinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, University G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Raaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, University G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Osteology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff of Justus-Liebig-University, Bad Nauheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Karrasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Lemm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Heart-Center-S\u00fcdwestfalen, St. Marien-Krankenhaus, Siegen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnd","family":"Christoph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius-Hospital, Eschweiler, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Prondzinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Werdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Buerke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, Heart-Center-S\u00fcdwestfalen, St. Marien-Krankenhaus, Siegen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Eur Heart J","first-page":"2186","article-title":"Effects of growth hormone on circulating cytokine network, and left ventricular contractile performance and geometry in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"24","author":"Adamopoulos S","year":"2003","unstructured":"Adamopoulos S\n, \nParissis JT\n, \nParaskevaidis I\n, et al.\n 2003 Effects of growth hormone on circulating cytokine network, and left ventricular contractile performance and geometry in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. 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