{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:13:29Z","timestamp":1783509209131,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypoglycemia is the most popular symptom of insulinoma patients. There have been no reports investigating immunohistochemical differences in the expression levels of glucose transporters, glucokinase, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in insulinoma cells according to the clinical phenotypes of hypoglycemia, in particular hypoglycemia in the postprandial state alone or in both fasting and postprandial states. We immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of glucose transporters 1\u20133, glucokinase, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in insulinoma cells of the resected pancreas from six patients. The frequency of hypoglycemia of &amp;lt;70 mg\/dL before breakfast at the fasting state in one patient with exclusively postprandial hypoglycemia and the other five patients with both fasting and postprandial hypoglycemia was 0% and 33\u2013100%, respectively. We found that insulinoma cells in the patient with exclusively postprandial hypoglycemia showed the higher expression of glucose transporter 2, glucokinase, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor than those of almost all the other five patients exhibiting both fasting and postprandial hypoglycemia. Glucose transporter 1 and 3 expression was very limited or not detected in insulinoma cells from any of the patients. In addition, we revealed that there was reduced expression of glucokinase and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor in the patients with quite frequent fasting hypoglycemia. These findings indicate that the increased glucose transporter 2 and reduced glucokinase and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression levels in insulinoma cells might be associated with the clinical phenotypes of hypoglycemic profiles in insulinoma patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/joe-25-0134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:45:38Z","timestamp":1771235138000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insulinoma with postprandial hypoglycemia and characteristic expression of GLUT2\/GCK\/GLP-1R"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"268","author":[{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1"},{"name":"2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9165-3327","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sho","family":"Yoneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"},{"name":"3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiya","family":"Hosokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Okuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Kozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"},{"name":"4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Nishizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"},{"name":"5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michio","family":"Otsuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iichiro","family":"Shimomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62083-7","article-title":"Functioning insulinoma \u2013 incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival of patients: a 60-year study","volume":"66","author":"Service","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504273321707","article-title":"Hypoglycemic disorders","volume":"332","author":"Service","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70086-4","article-title":"Diagnostic approach to adults with hypoglycemic disorders","volume":"28","author":"Service","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2031","article-title":"Secular trends in the presentation and management of functioning insulinoma at the Mayo clinic, 1987\u20132007","volume":"94","author":"Placzkowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3451-1","article-title":"GLUT2, glucose sensing and glucose homeostasis","volume":"58","author":"Thorens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30253","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.51.30253","article-title":"Pancreatic beta-cell-specific targeted disruption of glucokinase gene. Diabetes mellitus due to defective insulin secretion to glucose","volume":"270","author":"Terauchi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2012.01663.x","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor activated insulin secretion from pancreatic \u03b2-cells: mechanism and glucose dependence","volume":"15","author":"Meloni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib8","first-page":"75","article-title":"Abnormal facilitative glucose transporter gene expression in human islet cell tumors","volume":"76","author":"Seino","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-2-199407150-00005","article-title":"Glucose transporter proteins in human insulinoma","volume":"121","author":"Boden","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-003-1184-3","article-title":"Concomitant expression of several peptide receptors in neuroendocrine tumours: molecular basis for in vivo multireceptor tumour targeting","volume":"30","author":"Reubi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-4029","article-title":"A histological study of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus related to human cytomegalovirus reactivation","volume":"102","author":"Yoneda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3832","article-title":"Predominance of \u03b2-cell neogenesis rather than replication in humans with an impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed diabetes","volume":"98","author":"Yoneda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02738882","article-title":"Immunocytochemical localization of glucose Transporter-2 (GLUT-2) in pancreatic islets and islet cell tumors","volume":"10","author":"Tomita","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18550.x","article-title":"Facilitative glucose transporters","volume":"219","author":"Mueckler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400694","article-title":"Expression of glucose transporter 1 in adult and developing human peripheral nerve","volume":"36","author":"Muona","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026070806141595600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(96)90174-2","article-title":"Glucose transporters in rat peripheral nerve: paranodal expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3","volume":"45","author":"Magnani","year":"1996","journal-title":"Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/joe.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/joe\/268\/3\/JOE-25-0134.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/joe.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/joe\/268\/3\/JOE-25-0134.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/joe\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1530\/JOE-25-0134\/507258\/joe-25-0134.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/joe\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1530\/JOE-25-0134\/507258\/joe-25-0134.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:14:24Z","timestamp":1783505664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/joe\/article\/268\/3\/e250134\/75694\/Insulinoma-with-postprandial-hypoglycemia-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/joe-25-0134","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-6805","0022-0795"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-6805","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-0795","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"article-number":"e250134"}}