{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:18:34Z","timestamp":1792685914285,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and the associated comorbidities. Type 2 diabetes is also associated with the dysfunction of liver, kidney and nervous system. In addition, an altered microbiota is frequently observed in subjects with type 2 diabetes. In this study, a db\/db (diabetic) mouse model of type 2 diabetes was used to elucidate the beneficial effects of the probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2. To evaluate metabolic effects, we performed metabolomics on liver samples, and RNA-seq from the liver and visceral adipose tissue, followed by qRT-PCR validation. Using L. johnsonii N6.2 extracellular vesicles, we evaluated lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Finally, the gut microbiome of db\/db mice was profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing. We observed that administration of the probiotic improved glycemic levels and decreased diabetes scores and type 2 diabetes-associated injury to the pancreas, liver and kidneys. Liver metabolomic and transcriptome analyses identified biomarkers of L. johnsonii N6.2 activity, including modulation of the vitamin K pathway, upregulation of FGF21, a key regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, and alternations in selected circadian genes. This study elucidates the beneficial effects of L. johnsonii N6.2, against the common symptoms of type 2 diabetes, highlighting its potential as an adjuvant therapeutic agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/joe-25-0184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:38:18Z","timestamp":1759505898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Lactobacillus johnsonii<\/i>\n                    N6.2 improves glycemia and reduces diabetes-induced organ injury in the db\/db mice model"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"267","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8039-5732","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Monica F","family":"Torrez Lamberti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida 1 , ,","place":["Gainesville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida 1 , ,","place":["Gainesville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie A","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida 1 , ,","place":["Gainesville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida 1 , ,","place":["Gainesville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo R","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida 1 , ,","place":["Gainesville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro D","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida 1 , ,","place":["Gainesville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanthi Kiran","family":"Kondepudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida 1 , ,","place":["Gainesville, USA"]},{"name":"Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food and Biomanufacturing Institute (BRIC-NABI) 2 , , ,","place":["S. 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Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio F","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida 1 , ,","place":["Gainesville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasanka S","family":"Chukkapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University 3 , , ,","place":["College Station, Texas, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida 4 , ,","place":["Gainesville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7525-7589","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Graciela L","family":"Lorca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida 1 , ,","place":["Gainesville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070806131241400_bib1","first-page":"49","volume-title":"QuickStats. 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