{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:47:49Z","timestamp":1773798469779,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["reproduction-online.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The presence of metalloproteinase activity in endometrial flushings obtained from premenopausal women, during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle, control post-menopausal women and women with post-menopausal bleeding (PMB) with or without adenocarcinoma was analysed by zymography. In addition, quantitative measurements of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-3, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in the flushings were obtained by ELISA. The zymography results showed eight bands of activity, with molecular weights ranging from 51 to 208 kDa in the flushings from pre-menopausal women and post-menopausal women, particularly those with adenocarcinoma. Both zymography and ELISA showed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 were the major metalloproteinases found in the flushings and only low concentrations of MMP-3 were found. Concentrations of MMP-2 in pre-menopausal women were higher in flushings obtained during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle than those obtained in the proliferative phase (P &amp;lt; 0.05), suggesting that it may play a role in embryo implantation. Concentrations of MMP-2 (P &amp;lt; 0.001), MMP-9 (P &amp;lt;0.05) and TIMP-1 (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in the flushings from post-menopausal control women were lower than those from pre-menopausal women. Concentrations of MMP-2 (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and TIMP-1 (P &amp;lt; 0.05) were higher in flushings from women with PMB without carcinoma compared with post-menopausal controls and concentrations of MMP-9 (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and TIMP-1 (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in flushings from women with adenocarcinoma were higher than in post-menopausal controls. Among subjects with PMB, concentrations of MMP-9 in women with adenocarcinoma were higher than those without carcinoma (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Our results show that concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, but not MMP-3, are associated with endometrial activity and, therefore, may have a role in the breakdown of endometrial tissue. In addition, the increased concentrations of MMP-9 in flushings of women with adenocarcinoma indicate that this particular proteinase is associated with the presence of endometrial neoplastic cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1150225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,20]],"date-time":"2004-03-20T01:55:52Z","timestamp":1079747752000},"page":"225-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in endometrial flushings from pre- and post-menopausal women and from women with endometrial adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"S M","family":"Laird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C F","family":"Dalton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Okon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R A D","family":"Bunning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T C","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]},"container-title":["Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/115\/2\/225\/64787087\/jrf_115_2_004.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/115\/2\/225\/64787087\/jrf_115_2_004.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T18:33:55Z","timestamp":1767810835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article\/115\/2\/225\/8265266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/jrf.0.1150225","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-1626","1741-7899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-1626","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-7899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]}}}