{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:21:01Z","timestamp":1791040861942,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mah.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Microbiota composition is known to be linked to sex. However, separating sex hormones and sex chromosome roles in gut microbial diversity is yet to be determined. To investigate the sex chromosome role independent of sex hormones, we used the four-core genotype mouse model. In this mouse model, males with testes and females with ovaries have XX or XY sex chromosome complement. In gonadectomized four-core genotype mice, we observed a significant decrease in the levels of estradiol (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) and progesterone (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.03) in female and testosterone (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001) in male mice plasma samples. Independent of sex chromosome complement, microbial \u03b1 diversity was increased in gonadectomized female but not male mice compared to sex-matched gonad-intact controls. \u03b2 diversity analysis showed separation between male (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) but not female XX and XY mice. Importantly,\n                    <jats:italic>Akkermansiamuciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                    was less abundant in gonadectomized compared to gonadal intact female mice (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001). In the presence of \u03b2-estradiol,\n                    <jats:italic>A.muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth exponentially increased, providing evidence for the identification of a female sex hormone-responsive bacterium (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/mah-23-0010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T15:32:13Z","timestamp":1695223933000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Sex hormones, sex chromosomes, and microbiota: identification of Akkermansia muciniphila as an estrogen-responsive bacterium"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Anil","family":"Sakamuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pritam","family":"Bardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3887-3566","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ramakumar","family":"Tummala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Mauvais-Jarvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4182-9793","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2385-7061","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bina","family":"Joe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Microbiome Consortium, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6084-6986","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benard Ojwang","family":"Ogola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Gut","first-page":"2213","article-title":"Age-dependent changes in GI physiology and microbiota: time to reconsider?","volume":"67","author":"An","year":"2018","unstructured":"An RWilms EMasclee AAM, 2018Age-dependent changes in GI physiology and microbiota: time to reconsider?Gut672213\u20132222. 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