{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:46:31Z","timestamp":1790135191698,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]],"date-time":"2021-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621296000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["raf.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"abstract":"\n This study examined the status of oxidative stress in 599 couples undertaking\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n fertilization (IVF) treatment and its association with reproductive hormones, smoking, and outcomes. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, hydrogen peroxide (H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in follicular fluid and seminal plasma. Tail moment (TM) was used to evaluate DNA damage in the sperm and granulosa cells. Reproductive hormones in serum and cotinine (COT) in urine, follicular fluid, and seminal plasma samples were determined. Separate multivariate linear regression was used to assess associations between levels of each oxidative stress biomarker and each hormone and smoking parameter (modeled as natural log-transformed). The findings indicate that some oxidative stress and DNA damage biomarkers played a role in disrupting certain reproductive hormones in women and their male partners either by overproducing reactive oxygen species or reducing antioxidant defense capacity. Although women were nonsmokers, COT levels > 50 and 10 \u00b5g\/L in urine and follicular were observed in 5.7 and 1.7%, respectively. Levels of follicular fluid COT were positively associated with H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and TM. We used log-binomial multivariate regression to estimate relative risks for the association between oxidative stress\/DNA damage and IVF binary outcomes (fertilization rate > 50%, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth). An increase in the CAT levels of follicular fluid was associated with a 48 and 41% decrease in the risk of poor fertilization rate (\u226450%) and unsuccessful live birth, respectively. After the models were adjusted for hormonal factors, the associations remained the same, except that the elevated TAC in follicular fluid became significantly associated with a decrease of 42% in the risk of poor fertilization rate (\u226450%). The higher antioxidant activity (CAT and TAC) in follicular fluid might positively impact specific IVF outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Lay summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Oxidative stress occurs when antioxidant molecules are insufficient in the body to destroy free radicals that can damage the cells, proteins and DNA, causing different health conditions, including infertility. The role of oxidative stress in female infertility has not received as much attention as male infertility, and research is still limited. This study explored whether the overproduction of free radicals can impact the success of\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n fertilization (IVF) treatment using several biological markers such as hydrogen peroxide, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity. Our findings revealed that the high antioxidant levels in the fluid surrounding the egg were linked with a high fertilization rate. Additionally, oxidative stress status in couples was associated negatively with several reproductive hormones and smoking status. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and DNA damage might have potential applications in evaluating IVF patients\u2019 clinical characteristics such as causes of infertility, hormonal profile, fertilization rate, implantation and live birth.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/raf-20-0062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T13:20:11Z","timestamp":1619184011000},"page":"117-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Oxidative stress and DNA damage status in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1687-3511","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iman","family":"Al-Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serdar","family":"Coskun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Al-Rouqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahreer","family":"Al-Rajudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chafica","family":"Eltabache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Abduljabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Al-Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"1531","article-title":"Increased levels of oxidants and reduced antioxidants in semen of infertile men with varicocele","volume":"94","author":"Abd-Elmoaty","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abd-Elmoaty MASaleh RSharma RAgarwal A2010 Increased levels of oxidants and reduced antioxidants in semen of infertile men with varicocele. Fertility and Sterility 94 1531\u20131534. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.12.039)"},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"Journal of the Indian Medical Association","first-page":"184","article-title":"Free radicals and male reproduction","volume":"109","author":"Agarwal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agarwal AAllamaneni SS2011 Free radicals and male reproduction. Journal of the Indian Medical Association 109 184\u2013187."},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Indian Journal of Urology","first-page":"74","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidants for idiopathic oligoasthenoteratospermia: is it justified?","volume":"27","author":"Agarwal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agarwal ASekhon LH2011 Oxidative stress and antioxidants for idiopathic oligoasthenoteratospermia: is it justified? Indian Journal of Urology 27 74\u201385. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0970-1591.78437)"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"829","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of human reproduction","volume":"79","author":"Agarwal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Agarwal ASaleh RABedaiwy MA2003 Role of reactive oxygen species in the pathophysiology of human reproduction. Fertility and Sterility 79 829\u2013843. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-0282(0204948-8)"},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","first-page":"49","article-title":"The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review","volume":"10","author":"Agarwal","year":"2012a","unstructured":"Agarwal AAponte-Mellado APremkumar BJShaman AGupta S2012a The effects of oxidative stress on female reproduction: a review. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 10 49\u201349. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7827-10-49)"},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Nature Reviews: Urology","first-page":"678","article-title":"Insight into oxidative stress in varicocele-associated male infertility: part 1","volume":"9","author":"Agarwal","year":"2012b","unstructured":"Agarwal AHamada AEsteves SC2012b Insight into oxidative stress in varicocele-associated male infertility: part 1. Nature Reviews: Urology 9 678\u2013690. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2012.197)"},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"World Journal of Men\u2019s Health","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of oxidative stress on male reproduction","volume":"32","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agarwal AVirk GOng CDu Plessis SS2014 Effect of oxidative stress on male reproduction. World Journal of Men\u2019s Health 32 1\u201317. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5534\/wjmh.2014.32.1.1)"},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Urology","first-page":"302","article-title":"Oxidation-reduction potential of semen: what is its role in the treatment of male infertility?","volume":"8","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agarwal ARoychoudhury SBjugstad KBCho CL2016 Oxidation-reduction potential of semen: what is its role in the treatment of male infertility? Therapeutic Advances in Urology 8 302\u2013318. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756287216652779)"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","first-page":"699","article-title":"Systemic oxidative stress could predict assisted reproductive technique outcome","volume":"32","author":"Ahelik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahelik AMandar RKorrovits PKarits PTalving ERosenstein KJaagura MSalumets AKullisaar T2015 Systemic oxidative stress could predict assisted reproductive technique outcome. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 32 699\u2013704."},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews","first-page":"CD001750","article-title":"Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology","volume":"4","author":"Al-Inany","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Inany HGYoussef MAAyeleke ROBrown JLam WSBroekmans FJ2016 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4 CD001750. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD001750.pub4)"},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Proceedings: Biological Sciences","first-page":"819","article-title":"Testosterone and oxidative stress: the oxidation handicap hypothesis","volume":"274","author":"Alonso-Alvarez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alonso-Alvarez CBertrand SFaivre BChastel OSorci G2007 Testosterone and oxidative stress: the oxidation handicap hypothesis. Proceedings: Biological Sciences 274 819\u2013825. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2006.3764)"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Trace Elements and Electrolytes","first-page":"103","article-title":"Serum malonyldialdehyde levels in Saudi population and its relationship to a number of factors such as age, gender, antioxidant levels and health status","volume":"24","author":"Al-Saleh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Al-Saleh IBilledo GShinwari N2007 Serum malonyldialdehyde levels in Saudi population and its relationship to a number of factors such as age, gender, antioxidant levels and health status. Trace Elements and Electrolytes 24 103\u2013111. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5414\/TEP24103)"},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Journal of Proteomics","first-page":"68","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of human follicular fluid: a new perspective towards understanding folliculogenesis","volume":"87","author":"Ambekar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ambekar ASNirujogi RSSrikanth SMChavan SKelkar DSHinduja IZaveri KPrasad TSHarsha HCPandey A2013 Proteomic analysis of human follicular fluid: a new perspective towards understanding folliculogenesis. Journal of Proteomics 87 68\u201377. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jprot.2013.05.017)"},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"545","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism in the infertile female population: a guideline","volume":"104","year":"2015","unstructured":"American Society for Reproductive Medicine 2015 Subclinical hypothyroidism in the infertile female population: a guideline. Fertility and Sterility 104 545\u2013553. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.05.028)"},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine","first-page":"292","article-title":"Association between nitric oxide and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in semen of diabetic men","volume":"57","author":"Amiri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amiri IKarimi JPiri HGoodarzi MTTavilani HKhodadadi IGhorbani M2011 Association between nitric oxide and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in semen of diabetic men. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine 57 292\u2013295. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/19396368.2011.621508)"},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"BJU International","first-page":"814","article-title":"Analysis of the functional aspects and seminal plasma proteomic profile of sperm from smokers","volume":"118","author":"Antoniassi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Antoniassi MPIntasqui PCamargo MZylbersztejn DSCarvalho VMCardozo KHBertolla RP2016 Analysis of the functional aspects and seminal plasma proteomic profile of sperm from smokers. BJU International 118 814\u2013822. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.13539)"},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology","first-page":"577","article-title":"Tobacco smoke exposure induces irreversible alteration of testicular function in prepubertal rats","volume":"27","author":"Aprioku","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aprioku JSUgwu TC2016 Tobacco smoke exposure induces irreversible alteration of testicular function in prepubertal rats. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 27 577\u2013584. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jbcpp-2015-0153)"},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Gynecological Endocrinology","first-page":"148","article-title":"Evaluation of pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) and its association with inflammatory cytokines in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS","volume":"34","author":"Artimani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Artimani TKarimi JMehdizadeh MYavangi MKhanlarzadeh EGhorbani MAsadi SKheiripour N2018 Evaluation of pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) and its association with inflammatory cytokines in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Gynecological Endocrinology 34148\u2013152.(https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09513590.2017.1371691)"},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research","first-page":"IE01","article-title":"The impact of oxidative stress on testicular function and the role of antioxidants in improving it: a review","volume":"11","author":"Asadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Asadi NBahmani MKheradmand ARafieian-Kopaei M2017 The impact of oxidative stress on testicular function and the role of antioxidants in improving it: a review. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 11 IE01\u2013IE05. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/23927.9886)"},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in the follicular fluid of subfertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a short narrative review","volume":"36","author":"Askoxylaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Askoxylaki MSiristatidis CChrelias CVogiatzi PCreatsa MSalamalekis GVrantza TVrachnis NKassanos D2013 Reactive oxygen species in the follicular fluid of subfertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a short narrative review. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 36 1117\u20131120. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3275\/9097)"},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","first-page":"373","article-title":"Effects of reduced seminal enzymatic antioxidants on sperm DNA fragmentation and semen quality of Tunisian infertile men","volume":"34","author":"Atig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Atig FKerkeni ASaad AAjina M2017 Effects of reduced seminal enzymatic antioxidants on sperm DNA fragmentation and semen quality of Tunisian infertile men. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 34 373\u2013381. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-013-9936-x)"},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Reproductive Sciences","first-page":"1656","article-title":"Oxidative stress in granulosa-lutein cells from in vitro fertilization patients","volume":"23","author":"Avila","year":"2016","unstructured":"Avila JGonzalez-Fernandez RRotoli DHernandez JPalumbo A2016 Oxidative stress in granulosa-lutein cells from in vitro fertilization patients. Reproductive Sciences 23 1656\u20131661. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1933719116674077)"},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"Turkish Journal of Urology","first-page":"191","article-title":"Analysis of the correlation between sperm DNA integrity and conventional semen parameters in infertile men","volume":"41","author":"Aydos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aydos OSYukselten YKaplan FSunguroglu AAydos K2015 Analysis of the correlation between sperm DNA integrity and conventional semen parameters in infertile men. Turkish Journal of Urology 41 191\u2013197. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tud.2015.98475)"},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"411","article-title":"Protective effect of antioxidants on the impairment of sperm motility by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes","volume":"65","author":"Baker","year":"1996","unstructured":"Baker HWBrindle JIrvine DSAitken RJ1996 Protective effect of antioxidants on the impairment of sperm motility by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Fertility and Sterility 65 411\u2013419. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-0282(1658109-6)"},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"Lung India","first-page":"217","article-title":"Use of cotinine urinalysis to verify self-reported tobacco use among male psychiatric out-patients","volume":"29","author":"Balhara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Balhara YPJain RSundar ASSagar R2012 Use of cotinine urinalysis to verify self-reported tobacco use among male psychiatric out-patients. Lung India 29 217\u2013220. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0970-2113.99102)"},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine","first-page":"277","article-title":"Detection of DNA damage in cumulus cells using a chromatin dispersion assay","volume":"61","author":"Barcena","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barcena PL\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez CGarc\u00eda-Ochoa CObradors AVernaeve VGos\u00e1lvez JVassena R2015 Detection of DNA damage in cumulus cells using a chromatin dispersion assay. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine 61 277\u2013285. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/19396368.2015.1063739)"},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology","article-title":"Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio","volume":"3","author":"Barros","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barros AJDHirakata VN2003 Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio. BMC Medical Research Methodology 3 21. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-3-21)"},{"key":"bib28","series-title":"Reproduction, Fertility, and Development","first-page":"269","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and anti-oxidant defences in swine follicular fluids","volume":"20","author":"Basini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Basini GSimona BSantini SEGrasselli F2008 Reactive oxygen species and anti-oxidant defences in swine follicular fluids. Reproduction, Fertility, and Development 20 269\u2013274. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/rd07147)"},{"key":"bib29","series-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction","first-page":"117","article-title":"Elevated levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and of catalase activity in follicular fluid of obese women","volume":"16","author":"Bausenwein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bausenwein JSerke HEberle KHirrlinger JJogschies PHmeidan FABlumenauer VSpanel-Borowski K2010 Elevated levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and of catalase activity in follicular fluid of obese women. Molecular Human Reproduction 16 117\u2013124. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molehr\/gap078)"},{"key":"bib30","series-title":"Gynecological Endocrinology","first-page":"51","article-title":"Effect of follicular fluid oxidative stress parameters on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome","volume":"28","author":"Bedaiwy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bedaiwy MAElnashar SAGoldberg JMSharma RMascha EJArrigain SAgarwal AFalcone T2012 Effect of follicular fluid oxidative stress parameters on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome. Gynecological Endocrinology 28 51\u201355. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09513590.2011.579652)"},{"key":"bib31","series-title":"Redox Biology","first-page":"340","article-title":"Sex hormones modulate circulating antioxidant enzymes: impact of estrogen therapy","volume":"1","author":"Bellanti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bellanti FMatteo MRollo TDe Rosario FGreco PVendemiale GServiddio G2013 Sex hormones modulate circulating antioxidant enzymes: impact of estrogen therapy. Redox Biology 1 340\u2013346. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2013.05.003)"},{"key":"bib32","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"2525","article-title":"Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased risk of failed implantation and reduced IVF success","volume":"26","author":"Benedict","year":"2011","unstructured":"Benedict MDMissmer SAVahratian ABerry KFVitonis AFCramer DWMeeker JD2011 Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased risk of failed implantation and reduced IVF success. Human Reproduction 26 2525\u20132531. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/der226)"},{"key":"bib33","series-title":"Reproductive Toxicology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human semen as an early, sensitive biomarker of highly polluted living environment in healthy men: a pilot biomonitoring study on trace elements in blood and semen and their relationship with sperm quality and RedOx status","volume":"66","author":"Bergamo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bergamo PVolpe MGLorenzetti SMantovani ANotari TCocca ECerullo SDi Stasio MCerino PMontano L2016 Human semen as an early, sensitive biomarker of highly polluted living environment in healthy men: a pilot biomonitoring study on trace elements in blood and semen and their relationship with sperm quality and RedOx status. Reproductive Toxicology 66 1\u20139. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2016.07.018)"},{"key":"bib34","series-title":"Nature Reviews: Urology","article-title":"Oxidative stress and male infertility","volume":"14","author":"Bisht","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bisht SFaiq MTolahunase MDada R2017 Oxidative stress and male infertility. Nature Reviews: Urology 14 470\u2013485. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2017.69)"},{"key":"bib35","series-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity","first-page":"7530820","article-title":"Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of plasma oxidative stress markers 8-OHdG and F2-isoprostanes and associations with metabolic syndrome","volume":"2016","author":"Black","year":"2016","unstructured":"Black CNBot MScheffer PGPenninx BW2016 Sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of plasma oxidative stress markers 8-OHdG and F2-isoprostanes and associations with metabolic syndrome. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 7530820. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/7530820)"},{"key":"bib36","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","first-page":"907","article-title":"The effect of diurnal variation on clinical measurement of serum testosterone and other sex hormone levels in men","volume":"94","author":"Brambilla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brambilla DJMatsumoto AMAraujo ABMckinlay JB2009 The effect of diurnal variation on clinical measurement of serum testosterone and other sex hormone levels in men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 94 907\u2013913. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2008-1902)"},{"key":"bib37","series-title":"Reproduction","first-page":"227","article-title":"Development of a specific method to evaluate 8-hydroxy, 2-deoxyguanosine in sperm nuclei: relationship with semen quality in a cohort of 94 subjects","volume":"145","author":"Cambi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cambi MTamburrino LMarchiani SOlivito BAzzari CForti GBaldi EMuratori M2013 Development of a specific method to evaluate 8-hydroxy, 2-deoxyguanosine in sperm nuclei: relationship with semen quality in a cohort of 94 subjects. Reproduction 145 227\u2013235. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/REP-12-0404)"},{"key":"bib38","series-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction","first-page":"639","article-title":"Antioxidant enzymatic defences in human follicular fluid: characterization and age-dependent changes","volume":"9","author":"Carbone","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carbone MCTatone CDelle Monache SMarci RCaserta DColonna RAmicarelli F2003 Antioxidant enzymatic defences in human follicular fluid: characterization and age-dependent changes. Molecular Human Reproduction 9 639\u2013643. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molehr\/gag090)"},{"key":"bib39","series-title":"Journal of Men\u2019s Health","first-page":"43","article-title":"Seminal plasma lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, and cigarette smoking in asthenoteratospermic men","volume":"8","author":"Chari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chari MGColagar AH2011 Seminal plasma lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, and cigarette smoking in asthenoteratospermic men. Journal of Men\u2019s Health 8 43\u201349. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jomh.2010.09.230)"},{"key":"bib40","series-title":"Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology","first-page":"1387","article-title":"Relationship between seminal malondialdehyde levels and sperm quality in fertile and infertile men","volume":"52","author":"Colagar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Colagar AHPouramir MMarzony ETJorsaraei SGA2009 Relationship between seminal malondialdehyde levels and sperm quality in fertile and infertile men. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52 1387\u20131392. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1516-89132009000600010)"},{"key":"bib41","series-title":"Mutagenesis","first-page":"1","article-title":"The comet assay: a heavenly method!","volume":"30","author":"Collins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Collins AR2015 The comet assay: a heavenly method! Mutagenesis 30 1\u20134. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mutage\/geu079)"},{"key":"bib42","series-title":"Andrology","first-page":"280","article-title":"Semen characteristics and malondialdehyde levels in men with different reproductive problems","volume":"3","author":"Collodel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Collodel GMoretti EMicheli LMenchiari AMoltoni LCerretani D2015 Semen characteristics and malondialdehyde levels in men with different reproductive problems. Andrology 3 280\u2013286. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.297)"},{"key":"bib43","series-title":"Cell and Tissue Research","first-page":"231","article-title":"Increased concentration of 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine in follicular fluid of infertile women with endometriosis","volume":"366","author":"Da Broi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Da Broi MGDe Albuquerque FODe Andrade AZCardoso RLJordao Junior AANavarro PA2016 Increased concentration of 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine in follicular fluid of infertile women with endometriosis. Cell and Tissue Research 366 231\u2013242. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-016-2428-4)"},{"key":"bib44","series-title":"Mutation Research","first-page":"170","article-title":"DNA damage induced by occupational and environmental exposure to miscellaneous chemicals","volume":"770","author":"Da Silva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Da Silva J2016 DNA damage induced by occupational and environmental exposure to miscellaneous chemicals. Mutation Research 770 170\u2013182. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrrev.2016.02.002)"},{"key":"bib45","series-title":"Current Urology Reports","first-page":"309","article-title":"Varicocele and hypogonadism","volume":"14","author":"Dabaja","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dabaja AWosnitzer MGoldstein M2013 Varicocele and hypogonadism. Current Urology Reports 14 309\u2013314. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11934-013-0339-4)"},{"key":"bib46","series-title":"Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine","first-page":"155","article-title":"Analytics of oxidative stress markers in the early diagnosis of oxygen DNA damage","volume":"26","author":"Dabrowska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dabrowska NWiczkowski A2017 Analytics of oxidative stress markers in the early diagnosis of oxygen DNA damage. Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine 26 155\u2013166. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17219\/acem\/43272)"},{"key":"bib47","series-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","first-page":"87","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and male reproductive hormones","volume":"16","author":"Darbandi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Darbandi MDarbandi SAgarwal ASengupta PDurairajanayagam DHenkel RSadeghi MR2018 Reactive oxygen species and male reproductive hormones. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 16 87\u201387. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-018-0406-2)"},{"key":"bib48","series-title":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","first-page":"843","article-title":"High prevalence of isolated sperm DNA damage in infertile men with advanced paternal age","volume":"30","author":"Das","year":"2013","unstructured":"Das MAl-Hathal NSan-Gabriel MPhillips SKadoch IJBissonnette FHolzer HZini A2013 High prevalence of isolated sperm DNA damage in infertile men with advanced paternal age. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 30 843\u2013848. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-013-0015-0)"},{"key":"bib49","series-title":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","first-page":"1633","article-title":"Improvement of gamete quality by stimulating and feeding the endogenous antioxidant system: mechanisms, clinical results, insights on gene-environment interactions and the role of diet","volume":"33","author":"Dattilo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dattilo MD\u2019Amato GCaroppo EM\u00e9n\u00e9zo Y2016 Improvement of gamete quality by stimulating and feeding the endogenous antioxidant system: mechanisms, clinical results, insights on gene-environment interactions and the role of diet. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 33 1633\u20131648. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-016-0767-4)"},{"key":"bib50","series-title":"Human Fertility","first-page":"48","article-title":"Follicular fluid lipid peroxidation levels in women with endometriosis during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation","volume":"20","author":"De Lima","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Lima CBCordeiro FBCamargo MZylbersztejn DSCedenho APBertolla RPLo Turco EG2017 Follicular fluid lipid peroxidation levels in women with endometriosis during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Human Fertility 20 48\u201354. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14647273.2016.1246753)"},{"key":"bib51","series-title":"Biology of Reproduction","article-title":"Roles of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in ovarian toxicity","volume":"86","author":"Devine","year":"2012","unstructured":"Devine PJPerreault SDLuderer U2012 Roles of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in ovarian toxicity. Biology of Reproduction 86 27. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.111.095224)"},{"key":"bib52","series-title":"Andrologia","first-page":"206","article-title":"Effects of H2O2 exposure on human sperm motility parameters, reactive oxygen species levels and nitric oxide levels","volume":"42","author":"Du Plessis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Du Plessis SSMcallister DALuu ASavia JAgarwal ALampiao F2010 Effects of H2O2 exposure on human sperm motility parameters, reactive oxygen species levels and nitric oxide levels. Andrologia 42 206\u2013210. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2009.00980.x)"},{"key":"bib53","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"548","article-title":"In vivo exposure to benzo(a)pyrene induces significant DNA damage in mouse oocytes and cumulus cells","volume":"29","author":"Einaudi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Einaudi LCourbiere BTassistro VPrevot CSari-Minodier IOrsiere TPerrin J2014 In vivo exposure to benzo(a)pyrene induces significant DNA damage in mouse oocytes and cumulus cells. Human Reproduction 29 548\u2013554. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/det439)"},{"key":"bib54","series-title":"Gynecological Endocrinology","first-page":"705","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in follicular fluid may serve as biochemical markers to determine ovarian aging and follicular metabolic age","volume":"30","author":"Elizur","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elizur SELebovitz OOrvieto RDor JZan-Bar T2014 Reactive oxygen species in follicular fluid may serve as biochemical markers to determine ovarian aging and follicular metabolic age. Gynecological Endocrinology 30 705\u2013707. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09513590.2014.924100)"},{"key":"bib55","series-title":"Clinical Biochemistry","first-page":"589","article-title":"Sperm head defects and disturbances in spermatozoal chromatin and DNA integrities in idiopathic infertile subjects: association with cigarette smoking","volume":"42","author":"Elshal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elshal MFEl-Sayed IHElsaied MAEl-Masry SAKumosani TA2009 Sperm head defects and disturbances in spermatozoal chromatin and DNA integrities in idiopathic infertile subjects: association with cigarette smoking. Clinical Biochemistry 42 589\u2013594. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.11.012)"},{"key":"bib56","series-title":"Mutation Research","first-page":"1","article-title":"Oxidative DNA damage and disease: induction, repair and significance","volume":"567","author":"Evans","year":"2004","unstructured":"Evans MDDizdaroglu MCooke MS2004 Oxidative DNA damage and disease: induction, repair and significance. Mutation Research 567 1\u201361. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrrev.2003.11.001)"},{"key":"bib57","series-title":"Biochemistry: Biokhimiia","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide activate the antioxidant defense system in human sperm cells","volume":"80","author":"Evdokimov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Evdokimov VVBarinova KVTurovetskii VBMuronetz VISchmalhausen EV2015 Low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide activate the antioxidant defense system in human sperm cells. Biochemistry: Biokhimiia 80 1178\u20131185. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1134\/S0006297915090084)"},{"key":"bib58","series-title":"Clinical Nutrition ESPEN","first-page":"23","article-title":"Role of vitamin E and D3 supplementation in intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a double blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Fatemi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fatemi FMohammadzadeh ASadeghi MRAkhondi MMMohammadmoradi SKamali KLackpour NJouhari SZafadoust SMokhtar S2017 Role of vitamin E and D3 supplementation in intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a double blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 18 23\u201330. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnesp.2017.01.002)"},{"key":"bib59","series-title":"Journal of Urology","first-page":"213","article-title":"Characterization of nuclease activity in human seminal plasma and its relationship to semen parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation and male infertility","volume":"195","author":"Fernandez-Encinas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fernandez-Encinas AGarcia-Peiro ARibas-Maynou JAbad CAmengual MJNavarro JBenet J2016 Characterization of nuclease activity in human seminal plasma and its relationship to semen parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation and male infertility. Journal of Urology 195 213\u2013219. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.juro.2015.07.089)"},{"key":"bib60","series-title":"Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences","first-page":"2067","article-title":"Highly reactive oxygen species: detection, formation, and possible functions","volume":"68","author":"Freinbichler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Freinbichler WColivicchi MAStefanini CBianchi LBallini CMisini BWeinberger PLinert WVareslija DTipton KF2011 Highly reactive oxygen species: detection, formation, and possible functions. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 68 2067\u20132079. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-011-0682-x)"},{"key":"bib61","series-title":"Journal of Ovarian Research","article-title":"Follicular fluid redox involvement for ovarian follicle growth","volume":"10","author":"Freitas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Freitas CNeto ACMatos LSilva ERibeiro \u00c2Silva-Carvalho JLAlmeida H2017 Follicular fluid redox involvement for ovarian follicle growth. Journal of Ovarian Research 10 44. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-017-0342-3)"},{"key":"bib62","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"89","article-title":"Recent cigarette smoking and assisted reproductive technologies outcome","volume":"93","author":"Fuentes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fuentes AMu\u00f1oz ABarnhart KArg\u00fcello BD\u00edaz MPommer R2010 Recent cigarette smoking and assisted reproductive technologies outcome. Fertility and Sterility 93 89\u201395. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.09.073)"},{"key":"bib63","series-title":"Asian Journal of Andrology","first-page":"420","article-title":"Redox regulation of fertilisation and the spermatogenic process","volume":"13","author":"Fujii","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fujii JTsunoda S2011 Redox regulation of fertilisation and the spermatogenic process. Asian Journal of Andrology 13 420\u2013423. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/aja.2011.10)"},{"key":"bib64","series-title":"Zygote","first-page":"103","article-title":"Impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis activity, spermatogenesis, and sperm function promote infertility in males with lead poisoning","volume":"25","author":"Gandhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gandhi JHernandez RJChen ASmith NLSheynkin YRJoshi GKhan SA2017 Impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis activity, spermatogenesis, and sperm function promote infertility in males with lead poisoning. Zygote 25 103\u2013110. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0967199417000028)"},{"key":"bib65","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"1628","article-title":"The role of sperm oxidative stress in male infertility and the significance of oral antioxidant therapy","volume":"26","author":"Gharagozloo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gharagozloo PAitken RJ2011 The role of sperm oxidative stress in male infertility and the significance of oral antioxidant therapy. Human Reproduction 26 1628\u20131640. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/der132)"},{"key":"bib66","series-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online","first-page":"617","article-title":"Seminal plasma total antioxidant capacity and semen parameters in patients with varicocele","volume":"18","author":"Giulini","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giulini SSblendorio VXella SLa Marca APalmieri BVolpe A2009 Seminal plasma total antioxidant capacity and semen parameters in patients with varicocele. Reproductive Biomedicine Online 18 617\u2013621. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1472-6483(1060004-1)"},{"key":"bib67","series-title":"Laboratory Animals","first-page":"251","article-title":"A new approach for the oocyte genotoxicity assay: adaptation of comet assay on mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes","volume":"49","author":"Greco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greco FPerrin JAuffan MTassistro VOrsiere TCourbiere B2015 A new approach for the oocyte genotoxicity assay: adaptation of comet assay on mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes. Laboratory Animals 49 251\u2013254. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0023677214567136)"},{"key":"bib68","series-title":"Qu\u00edmica Nova","first-page":"169","article-title":"Importance of the lipid peroxidation biomarkers and methodological aspects FOR malondialdehyde quantification","volume":"32","author":"Grotto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grotto DMaria LSValentini JPaniz CSchmitt GGarcia SCPomblum VJRocha JBTFarina M2009 Importance of the lipid peroxidation biomarkers and methodological aspects FOR malondialdehyde quantification. Qu\u00edmica Nova 32 169\u2013174. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0100-40422009000100032)"},{"key":"bib69","series-title":"Clinics","first-page":"27","article-title":"Update in the evaluation of the azoospermic male","volume":"68","author":"Gudeloglu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gudeloglu AParekattil SJ2013 Update in the evaluation of the azoospermic male. Clinics 68 (Supplement 1) 27\u201334. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6061\/clinics\/2013(sup0104)"},{"key":"bib70","series-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","article-title":"Roles of reactive oxygen species in the spermatogenesis regulation","volume":"5","author":"Guerriero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guerriero GTrocchia SAbdel-Gawad FKCiarcia G2014 Roles of reactive oxygen species in the spermatogenesis regulation. Frontiers in Endocrinology 5 56. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2014.00056)"},{"key":"bib71","series-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research","first-page":"GE01","article-title":"A comprehensive review on clinical applications of comet assay","volume":"9","author":"Gunasekarana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gunasekarana VRaj GVChand P2015 A comprehensive review on clinical applications of comet assay. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 9 GE01\u2013GE05. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/12062.5622), Ge01\u201305."},{"key":"bib72","series-title":"Reproduction, Fertility, and Development","first-page":"673","article-title":"Fluctuations in total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide levels of follicular fluid during bovine folliculogenesis","volume":"23","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gupta SChoi AYu HYCzerniak SMHolick EAPaolella LJAgarwal ACombelles CM2011 Fluctuations in total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide levels of follicular fluid during bovine folliculogenesis. Reproduction, Fertility, and Development 23 673\u2013680. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/RD10270)"},{"key":"bib73","series-title":"Reproduction","first-page":"157","article-title":"The effects of three different exercise modalities on markers of male reproduction in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"153","author":"Hajizadeh Maleki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hajizadeh Maleki BTartibian BChehrazi M2017 The effects of three different exercise modalities on markers of male reproduction in healthy subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Reproduction 153 157\u2013174. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/REP-16-0318)"},{"key":"bib74","series-title":"Free Radical Research","first-page":"469","article-title":"Can oxidative DNA damage be used as a biomarker of cancer risk in humans? Problems, resolutions and preliminary results from nutritional supplementation studies","volume":"29","author":"Halliwell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Halliwell B1998 Can oxidative DNA damage be used as a biomarker of cancer risk in humans? Problems, resolutions and preliminary results from nutritional supplementation studies. Free Radical Research 29 469\u2013486. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10715769800300531)"},{"key":"bib75","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"2708","article-title":"Protamine contents and P1\/P2 ratio in human spermatozoa from smokers and non-smokers","volume":"25","author":"Hammadeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hammadeh MEHamad MFMontenarh MFischer-Hammadeh C2010 Protamine contents and P1\/P2 ratio in human spermatozoa from smokers and non-smokers. Human Reproduction 25 2708\u20132720. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deq226)"},{"key":"bib76","series-title":"World Journal of Men\u2019s Health","first-page":"143","article-title":"Smoking and male infertility: an evidence-based review","volume":"33","author":"Harlev","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harlev AAgarwal AGunes SOShetty ADu Plessis SS2015 Smoking and male infertility: an evidence-based review. World Journal of Men\u2019s Health 33 143\u2013160. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5534\/wjmh.2015.33.3.143)"},{"key":"bib77","series-title":"Toxicology Letters","first-page":"183","article-title":"The contribution of cytotoxicity to DNA-effects in the single cell gel test (comet assay)","volume":"90","author":"Hartmann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hartmann ASpeit G1997 The contribution of cytotoxicity to DNA-effects in the single cell gel test (comet assay). Toxicology Letters 90 183\u2013188. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-4274(9603847-7)"},{"key":"bib78","series-title":"Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine","first-page":"525","article-title":"Oxidative stress induced sperm DNA damage, a possible reason for male infertility","volume":"13","author":"Hosen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hosen MBIslam MRBegum FKabir YHowlader MZ2015 Oxidative stress induced sperm DNA damage, a possible reason for male infertility. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine 13 525\u2013532."},{"key":"bib79","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"24494","article-title":"Is male infertility associated with increased oxidative stress in seminal plasma? A-meta analysis","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang CCao XPang DLi CLuo QZou YFeng BLi LCheng AChen Z2018 Is male infertility associated with increased oxidative stress in seminal plasma? A-meta analysis. Oncotarget 9 24494\u201324513. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.25075)"},{"key":"bib80","series-title":"Reproductive Toxicology","first-page":"11","article-title":"Use of human cumulus granulosa cells for in vitro screening of reproductive toxicants","volume":"4","author":"Hughes","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hughes SFHaney AFHughes Jr CL1990 Use of human cumulus granulosa cells for in vitro screening of reproductive toxicants. Reproductive Toxicology 4 11\u201315. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0890-6238(9090073-5)"},{"key":"bib81","series-title":"American Journal of Public Health","first-page":"1435","article-title":"Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers","volume":"77","author":"Jarvis","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jarvis MJTunstall-Pedoe HFeyerabend CVesey CSaloojee Y1987 Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers. American Journal of Public Health 77 1435\u20131438. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.77.11.1435)"},{"key":"bib82","series-title":"Gamete Research","first-page":"185","article-title":"Catalase activity in human spermatozoa and seminal plasma","volume":"24","author":"Jeulin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jeulin CSoufir JCWeber PLaval-Martin DCalvayrac R1989 Catalase activity in human spermatozoa and seminal plasma. Gamete Research 24 185\u2013196. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrd.1120240206)"},{"key":"bib83","series-title":"Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences","first-page":"63","article-title":"Poor ovarian reserve","volume":"9","author":"Jirge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jirge PR2016 Poor ovarian reserve. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences 9 63\u201369. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-1208.183514)"},{"key":"bib84","series-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research International","first-page":"17428","article-title":"The AhRR-c.565C>G transversion may increase total antioxidant capacity levels of the seminal plasma in infertile men","volume":"24","author":"Josarayi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Josarayi GAMohammad-Hasani AAftabi YMoudi EHosseinzadeh Colagar A2017 The AhRR-c.565C>G transversion may increase total antioxidant capacity levels of the seminal plasma in infertile men. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 24 17428\u201317435. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-017-9356-z)"},{"key":"bib85","series-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction","first-page":"409","article-title":"Oxidative stress markers in preovulatory follicular fluid in humans","volume":"5","author":"Jozwik","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jozwik MWolczynski SJozwik MSzamatowicz M1999 Oxidative stress markers in preovulatory follicular fluid in humans. Molecular Human Reproduction 5 409\u2013413. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molehr\/5.5.409)"},{"key":"bib86","series-title":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology","first-page":"28","article-title":"Equilibrium between anti-oxidants and reactive oxygen species: a requisite for oocyte development and maturation","volume":"16","author":"Kala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kala MShaikh MVNivsarkar M2017 Equilibrium between anti-oxidants and reactive oxygen species: a requisite for oocyte development and maturation. Reproductive Medicine and Biology 16 28\u201335. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rmb2.12013)"},{"key":"bib87","series-title":"Environmental Research","first-page":"295","article-title":"The interaction between air pollution and diet does not influence the DNA damage in lymphocytes of pregnant women","volume":"136","author":"Kalemba-Drozdz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kalemba-Drozdz M2015 The interaction between air pollution and diet does not influence the DNA damage in lymphocytes of pregnant women. Environmental Research 136 295\u2013299. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2014.10.020)"},{"key":"bib88","series-title":"Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Does dietary fat intake influence oocyte competence and embryo quality by inducing oxidative stress in follicular fluid?","volume":"11","author":"Kazemi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kazemi ARamezanzadeh FNasr-Esfahani MHSaboor Yaraghi AAAhmadi M2013 Does dietary fat intake influence oocyte competence and embryo quality by inducing oxidative stress in follicular fluid? Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine 11 1005\u20131012."},{"key":"bib89","series-title":"International Journal of Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"175","article-title":"Relationship between energy expenditure related factors and oxidative stress in follicular fluid","volume":"8","author":"Kazemi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kazemi ARamezanzadeh FNasr Esfahani MHSaboor-Yaraghi AANejat SNRahimi-Foroshani A2014 Relationship between energy expenditure related factors and oxidative stress in follicular fluid. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility 8 175\u2013182."},{"key":"bib90","series-title":"Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine","first-page":"533","article-title":"The relations between dietary antioxidant vitamins intake and oxidative stress in follicular fluid and ART outcomes","volume":"13","author":"Kazemi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kazemi ARamezanzadeh FNasr-Esfahani MH2015 The relations between dietary antioxidant vitamins intake and oxidative stress in follicular fluid and ART outcomes. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine 13 533\u2013540."},{"key":"bib91","series-title":"PLoS ONE","article-title":"Diffused intra-oocyte hydrogen peroxide activates myeloperoxidase and deteriorates oocyte quality","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khan SNShaeib FNajafi TKavdia MGonik BSaed GMGoud PTAbu-Soud HM2015 Diffused intra-oocyte hydrogen peroxide activates myeloperoxidase and deteriorates oocyte quality. PLoS ONE 10 e0132388. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132388)"},{"key":"bib92","series-title":"Andrologia","first-page":"17","article-title":"Relationship of seminal reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and total antioxidant capacity with sperm DNA fragmentation in infertile couples with normal and abnormal sperm parameters","volume":"46","author":"Khosravi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khosravi FValojerdi MRAmanlou MKarimian LAbolhassani F2014 Relationship of seminal reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and total antioxidant capacity with sperm DNA fragmentation in infertile couples with normal and abnormal sperm parameters. Andrologia 46 17\u201323. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.12034)"},{"key":"bib93","series-title":"BMC Clinical Pathology","first-page":"6","article-title":"Levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in seminal plasma and their relationship with seminal parameters","volume":"7","author":"Khosrowbeygi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khosrowbeygi AZarghami N2007 Levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in seminal plasma and their relationship with seminal parameters. BMC Clinical Pathology 7 6\u20136. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6890-7-6)"},{"key":"bib94","series-title":"Andrology","first-page":"850","article-title":"Increased levels of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in male partners of infertile couples","volume":"1","author":"Kullisaar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kullisaar TTurk SKilk KAusmees KPunab MM\u00e4ndar R2013 Increased levels of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in male partners of infertile couples. Andrology 1 850\u2013858. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2013.00123.x)"},{"key":"bib95","series-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","first-page":"S29","article-title":"Environmental and lifestyle factors in deterioration of male reproductive health","volume":"140","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar SMurarka SMishra VVGautam AK2014 Environmental and lifestyle factors in deterioration of male reproductive health. Indian Journal of Medical Research 140 (Supplement) S29\u2013S35."},{"key":"bib96","series-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research","article-title":"Role of environmental factors & oxidative stress with respect to in vitro fertilization outcome","volume":"148","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar SMishra VThaker RGor MPerumal SJoshi PSheth HShaikh IGautam AKVerma Y2018 Role of environmental factors & oxidative stress with respect to in vitro fertilization outcome. Indian Journal of Medical Research 148 S125\u2013S133. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1864_17)"},{"key":"bib97","series-title":"Cell Biology and Toxicology","first-page":"53","article-title":"Comet assay measurements: a perspective","volume":"25","author":"Kumaravel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kumaravel TSVilhar BFaux SPJha AN2009 Comet assay measurements: a perspective. Cell Biology and Toxicology 25 53\u201364. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10565-007-9043-9)"},{"key":"bib98","series-title":"Journal of Chromatography: B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences","first-page":"297","article-title":"Determination of urinary and salivary cotinine using gas and liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"768","author":"Kuo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kuo HWYang JSChiu MC2002 Determination of urinary and salivary cotinine using gas and liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Journal of Chromatography: B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences 768 297\u2013303. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1570-0232(0100613-4)"},{"key":"bib99","series-title":"Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation","first-page":"27","article-title":"Number of predictors and multicollinearity: what are their effects on error and bias in regression?","volume":"48","author":"Lavery","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lavery MRAcharya PSivo SAXu L2019 Number of predictors and multicollinearity: what are their effects on error and bias in regression? Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation 48 27\u201338. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03610918.2017.1371750)"},{"key":"bib100","series-title":"Cell Journal","first-page":"554","article-title":"Total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in semen of patient with hyperviscosity","volume":"16","author":"Layali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Layali ITahmasbpour EJoulaei MJorsaraei SGAFarzanegi P2015 Total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in semen of patient with hyperviscosity. Cell Journal 16 554\u2013559. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22074\/cellj.2015.500)"},{"key":"bib101","series-title":"Mutation Research","first-page":"43","article-title":"Use of the single cell gel electrophoresis\/comet assay for detecting DNA damage in aquatic (marine and freshwater) animals","volume":"544","author":"Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee RFSteinert S2003 Use of the single cell gel electrophoresis\/comet assay for detecting DNA damage in aquatic (marine and freshwater) animals. Mutation Research 544 43\u201364. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1383-5742(0300017-6)"},{"key":"bib102","series-title":"Methods in Cell Biology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385493-3.00005-X","article-title":"Assessment of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by immunoflourescent analysis of 8-oxodG","volume":"103","author":"Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee SFPervaiz S2011 Assessment of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by immunoflourescent analysis of 8-oxodG. Methods in Cell Biology 103 99\u2013113. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-385493-3.00005-X)"},{"key":"bib103","series-title":"Toxicological Sciences","first-page":"121","article-title":"Use of the tail moment of the lymphocytes to evaluate DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies","volume":"81","author":"Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee EOh ELee JSul DLee J2004 Use of the tail moment of the lymphocytes to evaluate DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies. Toxicological Sciences 81 121\u2013132. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh184)"},{"key":"bib104","series-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online","first-page":"325","article-title":"The impact of sperm DNA damage in assisted conception and beyond: recent advances in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"27","author":"Lewis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lewis SEJohn Aitken RConner SJIuliis GDEvenson DPHenkel RGiwercman AGharagozloo P2013 The impact of sperm DNA damage in assisted conception and beyond: recent advances in diagnosis and treatment. Reproductive Biomedicine Online 27 325\u2013337. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2013.06.014)"},{"key":"bib105","series-title":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","first-page":"534","article-title":"Cryopreservation of human cumulus cells for co-cultures and assessment of DNA damage after thawing using the comet assay","volume":"18","author":"Lindley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lindley EMJacobson JDCorselli JKing AChan PJ2001 Cryopreservation of human cumulus cells for co-cultures and assessment of DNA damage after thawing using the comet assay. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 18 534\u2013538. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1011991806423)"},{"key":"bib106","series-title":"Reproductive Toxicology","first-page":"106","article-title":"Incomplete protection of genetic integrity of mature spermatozoa against oxidative stress","volume":"32","author":"Linschooten","year":"2011","unstructured":"Linschooten JOLaubenthal JCemeli EBaumgartner AAnderson DSipinen VEBrunborg GHaenen GRFthenou EBriede JJ2011 Incomplete protection of genetic integrity of mature spermatozoa against oxidative stress. Reproductive Toxicology 32 106\u2013111. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2011.05.004)"},{"key":"bib107","series-title":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","first-page":"471","article-title":"Oxidative stress markers in the follicular fluid of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome correlate with a decrease in embryo quality","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu YYu ZZhao SCheng LMan YGao XZhao H2021 Oxidative stress markers in the follicular fluid of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome correlate with a decrease in embryo quality. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 38 471\u2013477. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-020-02014-y)"},{"key":"bib108","series-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","first-page":"422","article-title":"Hormones and antioxidant systems: role of pituitary and pituitary-dependent axes","volume":"33","author":"Mancini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mancini AFesta RDi Donna VLeone ELittarru GPSilvestrini AMeucci EPontecorvi A2010 Hormones and antioxidant systems: role of pituitary and pituitary-dependent axes. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 33 422\u2013433. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03346615)"},{"key":"bib109","series-title":"Mediators of Inflammation","first-page":"6757154","article-title":"Thyroid hormones, oxidative stress, and inflammation","volume":"2016","author":"Mancini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mancini ADi Segni CRaimondo SOlivieri GSilvestrini AMeucci ECurro D2016 Thyroid hormones, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Mediators of Inflammation 2016 6757154. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/6757154)"},{"key":"bib110","series-title":"Mutation Research","first-page":"83","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation-DNA damage by malondialdehyde","volume":"424","author":"Marnett","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marnett LJ1999 Lipid peroxidation-DNA damage by malondialdehyde. Mutation Research 424 83\u201395. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0027-5107(9900010-x)"},{"key":"bib111","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1014","article-title":"Oxidative damage to DNA in lymphocytes from AD patients","volume":"51","author":"Mecocci","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mecocci PPolidori MCIngegni TCherubini AChionne FCecchetti RSenin U1998 Oxidative damage to DNA in lymphocytes from AD patients. Neurology 51 1014\u20131017. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.51.4.1014)"},{"key":"bib112","series-title":"Andrology","first-page":"808","article-title":"Semen leukocytes and oxidative-dependent DNA damage of spermatozoa in male partners of subfertile couples with no symptoms of genital tract infection","volume":"4","author":"Micillo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Micillo AVassallo MRCordeschi GD\u2019Andrea SNecozione SFrancavilla FFrancavilla SBarbonetti A2016 Semen leukocytes and oxidative-dependent DNA damage of spermatozoa in male partners of subfertile couples with no symptoms of genital tract infection. Andrology 4 808\u2013815. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12188)"},{"key":"bib113","series-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","first-page":"849","article-title":"Consequences of hyperthyroidism in male and female fertility: pathophysiology and current management","volume":"39","author":"Mintziori","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mintziori GKita MDuntas LGoulis DG2016 Consequences of hyperthyroidism in male and female fertility: pathophysiology and current management. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 39 849\u2013853. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-016-0452-6)"},{"key":"bib114","series-title":"Mutation Research: Reviews in Mutation Research","first-page":"133","article-title":"Oxidative stress and inflammation generated DNA damage by exposure to air pollution particles","volume":"762","author":"Moller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moller PDanielsen PHKarottki DGJantzen KRoursgaard MKlingberg HJensen DMChristophersen DVHemmingsen JGCao Y2014 Oxidative stress and inflammation generated DNA damage by exposure to air pollution particles. Mutation Research: Reviews in Mutation Research 762 133\u2013166. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mrrev.2014.09.001)"},{"key":"bib115","series-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology","first-page":"155","article-title":"Detection of oxidative stress in seminal plasma and fractionated sperm from subfertile male patients","volume":"105","author":"Nakamura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nakamura HKimura TNakajima AShimoya KTakemura MHashimoto KIsaka SAzuma CKoyama MMurata Y2002 Detection of oxidative stress in seminal plasma and fractionated sperm from subfertile male patients. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology 105 155\u2013160. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0301-2115(0200194-x)"},{"key":"bib116","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"1915","article-title":"Novel use of COMET parameters of sperm DNA damage may increase its utility to diagnose male infertility and predict live births following both IVF and ICSI","volume":"34","author":"Nicopoullos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nicopoullos JVicens-Morton ALewis SEMLee KLarsen PRamsay JYap TMinhas S2019 Novel use of COMET parameters of sperm DNA damage may increase its utility to diagnose male infertility and predict live births following both IVF and ICSI. Human Reproduction 34 1915\u20131923. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dez151)"},{"key":"bib117","series-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online","first-page":"446","article-title":"Oxidative stress in follicular fluid of young women with low response compared with fertile oocyte donors","volume":"32","author":"Nunez-Calonge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nunez-Calonge RCortes SGutierrez Gonzalez LMKireev RVara EOrtega LCaballero PRancan LTresguerres J2016 Oxidative stress in follicular fluid of young women with low response compared with fertile oocyte donors. Reproductive Biomedicine Online 32 446\u2013456. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2015.12.010)"},{"key":"bib118","series-title":"Quality and Quantity","first-page":"673","article-title":"A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors","volume":"41","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2007","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien RM2007 A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Quality and Quantity 41 673\u2013690. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11135-006-9018-6)"},{"key":"bib119","series-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine","first-page":"185","article-title":"Hyperthyroidism with low thyroid hormone","volume":"96","author":"Obuobie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Obuobie KJones MK2003 Hyperthyroidism with low thyroid hormone. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 96 185\u2013186. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/jrsm.96.4.185)"},{"key":"bib120","series-title":"Middle East Fertility Society Journal","first-page":"114","article-title":"Impact of alcohol on male reproductive hormones, oxidative stress and semen parameters in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats","volume":"20","author":"Oremosu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oremosu AAAkang EN2015 Impact of alcohol on male reproductive hormones, oxidative stress and semen parameters in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats. Middle East Fertility Society Journal 20 114\u2013118. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mefs.2014.07.001)"},{"key":"bib121","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"2270","article-title":"Antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in follicular fluid of women undergoing IVF: relationship to outcome","volume":"18","author":"Oyawoye","year":"2003","unstructured":"Oyawoye OAbdel Gadir AGarner AConstantinovici NPerrett CHardiman P2003 Antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in follicular fluid of women undergoing IVF: relationship to outcome. Human Reproduction 18 2270\u20132274. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deg450)"},{"key":"bib122","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"2465","article-title":"Multivitamin and mineral supplementation modulates oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing in vitro fertilization","volume":"94","author":"Ozkaya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ozkaya MONaziroglu M2010 Multivitamin and mineral supplementation modulates oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertility and Sterility 94 2465\u20132466. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.01.066)"},{"key":"bib123","series-title":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine","first-page":"245","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation products mediate the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"1992","unstructured":"Park JWFloyd RA1992 Lipid peroxidation products mediate the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 12 245\u2013250. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0891-5849(9290111-s)"},{"key":"bib124","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"459","article-title":"Relationship between oxidative stress, semen characteristics, and clinical diagnosis in men undergoing infertility investigation","volume":"73","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pasqualotto FFSharma RKNelson DRThomas AJAgarwal A2000 Relationship between oxidative stress, semen characteristics, and clinical diagnosis in men undergoing infertility investigation. Fertility and Sterility 73 459\u2013464. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-0282(9900567-1)"},{"key":"bib125","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"973","article-title":"Effect of oxidative stress in follicular fluid on the outcome of assisted reproductive procedures","volume":"81","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pasqualotto EBAgarwal ASharma RKIzzo VMPinotti JAJoshi NJRose BI2004 Effect of oxidative stress in follicular fluid on the outcome of assisted reproductive procedures. Fertility and Sterility 81 973\u2013976. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.11.021)"},{"key":"bib126","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"278","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoking on antioxidant levels and presence of leukocytospermia in infertile men: a prospective study","volume":"90","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pasqualotto FFUmezu FMSalvador MBorges Jr ESobreiro BPPasqualotto EB2008 Effect of cigarette smoking on antioxidant levels and presence of leukocytospermia in infertile men: a prospective study. Fertility and Sterility 90 278\u2013283. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.123)"},{"key":"bib127","series-title":"Human Fertility","first-page":"166","article-title":"The role of enzymatic antioxidants detected in the follicular fluid and semen of infertile couples undergoing assisted reproduction","volume":"12","author":"Pasqualotto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pasqualotto EBLara LVSalvador MSobreiro BPBorges EPasqualotto FF2009 The role of enzymatic antioxidants detected in the follicular fluid and semen of infertile couples undergoing assisted reproduction. Human Fertility 12 166\u2013171. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14647270903207941)"},{"key":"bib128","series-title":"Ginekologia Polska","first-page":"1131","article-title":"Concentration gradient of cotinine between blood serum and preovulatory follicular fluid","volume":"69","author":"Paszkowski","year":"1998","unstructured":"Paszkowski T1998 Concentration gradient of cotinine between blood serum and preovulatory follicular fluid. Ginekologia Polska 69 1131\u20131136."},{"key":"bib129","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"2689","article-title":"LH serum levels during ovarian stimulation as predictors of ovarian response and assisted reproduction outcome in down-regulated women stimulated with recombinant FSH","volume":"18","author":"Pe\u00f1arrubia","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1arrubia JF\u00e1bregues FCreus MManau DCasamitjana RGuimer\u00e1 MCarmona FVanrell JABalasch J2003 LH serum levels during ovarian stimulation as predictors of ovarian response and assisted reproduction outcome in down-regulated women stimulated with recombinant FSH. Human Reproduction 18 2689\u20132697. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/deg506)"},{"key":"bib130","series-title":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health","first-page":"1","article-title":"8-Hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine as a marker of oxidative DNA damage related to occupational and environmental exposures","volume":"80","author":"Pilger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pilger AR\u00fcdiger HW2006 8-Hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine as a marker of oxidative DNA damage related to occupational and environmental exposures. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 80 1\u201315. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-006-0106-7)"},{"key":"bib131","series-title":"Redox Biology","first-page":"297","article-title":"Antioxidant response elements: discovery, classes, regulation and potential applications","volume":"17","author":"Raghunath","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raghunath ASundarraj KNagarajan RArfuso FBian JKumar APSethi GPerumal E2018 Antioxidant response elements: discovery, classes, regulation and potential applications. Redox Biology 17 297\u2013314. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2018.05.002)"},{"key":"bib132","series-title":"BioMed Research International","first-page":"761264","article-title":"Oxidative stress, prooxidants, and antioxidants: the interplay","volume":"2014","author":"Rahal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rahal AKumar ASingh VYadav BTiwari RChakraborty SDhama K2014 Oxidative stress, prooxidants, and antioxidants: the interplay. BioMed Research International 2014 761264. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/761264)"},{"key":"bib133","series-title":"Studies on Women\u2019s Health","article-title":"Antioxidant strategies to overcome OS in IVF-embryo transfer","author":"Rakhit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rakhit MGokul SRAgarwal ADu Plessis SS2013 Antioxidant strategies to overcome OS in IVF-embryo transfer. In Studies on Women\u2019s Health. Eds AAgarwalNAzizBRizkTotowa, NJ: Humana Press."},{"key":"bib134","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"831","article-title":"Comet assay of cumulus cell DNA status and the relationship to oocyte fertilization via intracytoplasmic sperm injection","volume":"16","author":"Raman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Raman RSChan PJCorselli JUPatton WCJacobson JDChan SRKing A2001 Comet assay of cumulus cell DNA status and the relationship to oocyte fertilization via intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Human Reproduction 16 831\u2013835. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/16.5.831)"},{"key":"bib135","series-title":"Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences","first-page":"729","article-title":"Human semen quality and sperm DNA damage assessed by comet assay in clinical groups","volume":"45","author":"Ramzan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramzan MHRamzan MKhan MMRamzan FWahab FKhan MAJillani MShah M2015 Human semen quality and sperm DNA damage assessed by comet assay in clinical groups. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 45 729\u2013737. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3906\/sag-1407-50)"},{"key":"bib136","series-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","article-title":"Oocyte polarized light microscopy, assay of specific follicular fluid metabolites, and gene expression in cumulus cells as different approaches to predict fertilization efficiency after ICSI","volume":"15","author":"Revelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Revelli ACanosa SBergandi LSkorokhod OABiasoni VCarosso ABertagna AMaule MAldieri ED\u2019Eufemia MD2017 Oocyte polarized light microscopy, assay of specific follicular fluid metabolites, and gene expression in cumulus cells as different approaches to predict fertilization efficiency after ICSI. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 15 47. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-017-0265-2)"},{"key":"bib137","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"2399","article-title":"Urinary oxidative stress biomarker levels and reproductive outcomes among couples undergoing fertility treatments","volume":"34","author":"Rosen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosen EMM\u00ednguez-Alarc\u00f3n LMeeker JDWilliams PLMilne GLHauser RFerguson KKEARTH Study Team 2019 Urinary oxidative stress biomarker levels and reproductive outcomes among couples undergoing fertility treatments. Human Reproduction 34 2399\u20132409. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dez228)"},{"key":"bib138","series-title":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","first-page":"627","article-title":"Diagnostic application of total antioxidant capacity in seminal plasma to assess oxidative stress in male factor infertility","volume":"33","author":"Roychoudhury","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roychoudhury SSharma RSikka SAgarwal A2016 Diagnostic application of total antioxidant capacity in seminal plasma to assess oxidative stress in male factor infertility. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 33 627\u2013635. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-016-0677-5)"},{"key":"bib139","series-title":"Human Reproduction Update","first-page":"345","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidants: exposure and impact on female fertility","volume":"14","author":"Ruder","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ruder EHHartman TJBlumberg JGoldman MB2008 Oxidative stress and antioxidants: exposure and impact on female fertility. Human Reproduction Update 14 345\u2013357. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmn011)"},{"key":"bib140","series-title":"International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine","first-page":"231","article-title":"Etiologies of sperm oxidative stress","volume":"14","author":"Sabeti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sabeti PPourmasumi SRahiminia TAkyash FTalebi AR2016 Etiologies of sperm oxidative stress. International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine 14 231\u2013240. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29252\/ijrm.14.4.231)"},{"key":"bib141","series-title":"BJU International","first-page":"1547","article-title":"The assessment of oxidative stress in infertile patients with varicocele","volume":"101","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sakamoto YIshikawa TKondo YYamaguchi KFujisawa M2008 The assessment of oxidative stress in infertile patients with varicocele. BJU International 101 1547\u20131552. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07517.x)"},{"key":"bib142","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"491","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoking on levels of seminal oxidative stress in infertile men: a prospective study","volume":"78","author":"Saleh","year":"2002","unstructured":"Saleh RAAgarwal ASharma RKNelson DRThomas Jr AJ2002 Effect of cigarette smoking on levels of seminal oxidative stress in infertile men: a prospective study. Fertility and Sterility 78 491\u2013499. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-0282(0203294-6)"},{"key":"bib143","series-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology","first-page":"12","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and sperm cells","volume":"2","author":"Sanocka","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sanocka DKurpisz M2004 Reactive oxygen species and sperm cells. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2 12\u201312. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1477-7827-2-12)"},{"key":"bib144","series-title":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","first-page":"3","article-title":"Sperm DNA damage in male infertility: etiologies, assays, and outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Schulte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schulte RTOhl DASigman MSmith GD2010 Sperm DNA damage in male infertility: etiologies, assays, and outcomes. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 27 3\u201312. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-009-9359-x)"},{"key":"bib145","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"1184","article-title":"Eight-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine in granulosa cells is correlated with the quality of oocytes and embryos in an in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer program","volume":"77","author":"Seino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Seino TSaito HKaneko TTakahashi TKawachiya SKurachi H2002 Eight-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine in granulosa cells is correlated with the quality of oocytes and embryos in an in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer program. Fertility and Sterility 77 1184\u20131190. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-0282(0203103-5)"},{"key":"bib146","series-title":"Urology","first-page":"835","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility","volume":"48","author":"Sharma","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sharma RKAgarwal A1996 Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility. Urology 48 835\u2013850. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0090-4295(9600313-5)"},{"key":"bib147","series-title":"Journal of Botany","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions","volume":"2012","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sharma PJha ABDubey RSPessarakli M2012 Reactive oxygen species, oxidative damage, and antioxidative defense mechanism in plants under stressful conditions. Journal of Botany 2012 1\u201326. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/217037)"},{"key":"bib148","series-title":"Oxidative Stress in Human Reproduction: Shedding Light on a Complicated Phenomenon","article-title":"Methods to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the reproductive system","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharma RRoychoudhury SSingh NSarda Y2017 Methods to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the reproductive system. In Oxidative Stress in Human Reproduction: Shedding Light on a Complicated Phenomenon. Eds AAgarwalRSharmaSGuptaAHarlevGAhmadSSDu PlessisSCEstevesSMWangDDurairajanayagamCham: Springer International Publishing."},{"key":"bib149","series-title":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine","first-page":"529","article-title":"Detection of oxidative DNA damage in human sperm and its association with sperm function and male infertility","volume":"28","author":"Shen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shen HOng C2000 Detection of oxidative DNA damage in human sperm and its association with sperm function and male infertility. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 28 529\u2013536. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0891-5849(9900234-8)"},{"key":"bib150","series-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online","first-page":"56","article-title":"Comparison of DNA fragmentation levels in spermatozoa with different sex chromosome complements","volume":"38","author":"Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi XChan DYLZhao MPChan CPSHuang JLi TC2019 Comparison of DNA fragmentation levels in spermatozoa with different sex chromosome complements. Reproductive Biomedicine Online 38 56\u201365. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.10.005)"},{"key":"bib151","series-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-038-0_13","article-title":"Sperm DNA damage measured by comet assay","volume":"927","author":"Simon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simon LCarrell DT2013 Sperm DNA damage measured by comet assay. Methods in Molecular Biology 927 137\u2013146. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-62703-038-0_13)"},{"key":"bib152","series-title":"Best Practice and Research: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology","first-page":"38","article-title":"Review: diagnosis and impact of sperm DNA alterations in assisted reproduction","volume":"44","author":"Simon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simon LEmery BRCarrell DT2017 Review: diagnosis and impact of sperm DNA alterations in assisted reproduction. Best Practice and Research: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 44 38\u201356. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2017.07.003)"},{"key":"bib153","series-title":"Experimental Cell Research","first-page":"184","article-title":"A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells","volume":"175","author":"Singh","year":"1988","unstructured":"Singh NPMccoy MTTice RRSchneider EL1988 A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Experimental Cell Research 175 184\u2013191. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-4827(8890265-0)"},{"key":"bib154","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"1420","article-title":"Effects of age on DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in human sperm","volume":"80","author":"Singh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singh NPMuller CHBerger RE2003 Effects of age on DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in human sperm. Fertility and Sterility 80 1420\u20131430. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.04.002)"},{"key":"bib155","series-title":"Reproductive Toxicology","first-page":"116","article-title":"Markers of oxidative stress in follicular fluid of women with endometriosis and tubal infertility undergoing IVF","volume":"42","author":"Singh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singh AKChattopadhyay RChakravarty BChaudhury K2013 Markers of oxidative stress in follicular fluid of women with endometriosis and tubal infertility undergoing IVF. Reproductive Toxicology 42 116\u2013124. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2013.08.005)"},{"key":"bib156","series-title":"Reproductive Toxicology","first-page":"65","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoking on DNA damage of human cumulus cells analyzed by comet assay","volume":"20","author":"Sinko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sinko IMorocz MZadori JKokavszky KRasko I2005 Effect of cigarette smoking on DNA damage of human cumulus cells analyzed by comet assay. Reproductive Toxicology 20 65\u201371. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2004.12.007)"},{"key":"bib157","series-title":"Journal of Pineal Research","first-page":"280","article-title":"Oxidative stress impairs oocyte quality and melatonin protects oocytes from free radical damage and improves fertilization rate","volume":"44","author":"Tamura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tamura HTakasaki AMiwa ITaniguchi KMaekawa RAsada HTaketani TMatsuoka AYamagata YShimamura K2008 Oxidative stress impairs oocyte quality and melatonin protects oocytes from free radical damage and improves fertilization rate. Journal of Pineal Research 44 280\u2013287. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2007.00524.x)"},{"key":"bib158","series-title":"Journal of Ovarian Research","article-title":"A pilot study to search possible mechanisms of ultralong gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy in IVF-ET patients with endometriosis","volume":"7","author":"Tamura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tamura HTakasaki ANakamura YNuma FSugino N2014 A pilot study to search possible mechanisms of ultralong gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy in IVF-ET patients with endometriosis. Journal of Ovarian Research 7 100. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13048-014-0100-8)"},{"key":"bib159","series-title":"Reproduction, Fertility, and Development","first-page":"648","article-title":"Association of decreased spermatozoa omega-3 fatty acid levels and increased oxidative DNA damage with varicocele in infertile men: a case control study","volume":"28","author":"Tang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tang LXYuan DJWang QLJiang FGuo JTang YGZheng LXKang JX2016 Association of decreased spermatozoa omega-3 fatty acid levels and increased oxidative DNA damage with varicocele in infertile men: a case control study. Reproduction, Fertility, and Development 28 648\u2013654. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/RD14276)"},{"key":"bib160","series-title":"Human Reproduction Update","first-page":"61","article-title":"Clinical management of low ovarian response to stimulation for IVF: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Tarlatzis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tarlatzis BCZepiridis LGrimbizis GBontis J2003 Clinical management of low ovarian response to stimulation for IVF: a systematic review. Human Reproduction Update 9 61\u201376. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmg007)"},{"key":"bib161","series-title":"Biology of Reproduction","first-page":"805","article-title":"Protection of porcine oocytes against apoptotic cell death caused by oxidative stress during in vitro maturation: role of cumulus cells","volume":"63","author":"Tatemoto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tatemoto HSakurai NMuto N2000 Protection of porcine oocytes against apoptotic cell death caused by oxidative stress during in vitro maturation: role of cumulus cells. Biology of Reproduction 63 805\u2013810. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod63.3.805)"},{"key":"bib162","series-title":"Mutation Research","first-page":"277","article-title":"Repair of DNA containing the oxidatively-damaged base, 8-oxoguanine","volume":"299","author":"Tchou","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tchou JGrollman AP1993 Repair of DNA containing the oxidatively-damaged base, 8-oxoguanine. Mutation Research 299 277\u2013287. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-1218(9390104-l)"},{"key":"bib163","series-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species link Ggonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor signaling cascades in the gonadotrope","volume":"8","author":"Terasaka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Terasaka TAdakama MELi SKim TTerasaka ELi DLawson MA2017 Reactive oxygen species link Ggonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor signaling cascades in the gonadotrope. Frontiers in Endocrinology 8 286. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2017.00286)"},{"key":"bib164","series-title":"Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences","first-page":"1495","article-title":"The effect of cotinine concentrations in seminal plasma and follicular fluid on the pregnancy outcomes of couples undergoing assisted reproductive techniques","volume":"46","author":"Terzio\u011flu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Terzio\u011flu FKarahalil BY\u00fccel \u00c7T\u00fcrk R2016 The effect of cotinine concentrations in seminal plasma and follicular fluid on the pregnancy outcomes of couples undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 46 1495\u20131501. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3906\/sag-1504-121)"},{"key":"bib165","series-title":"Human Fertility","first-page":"23","article-title":"The role of stimulation protocol, number of oocytes retrieved with respect to follicular fluid oxidative stress and IVF outcome","volume":"23","author":"Thaker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thaker RMishra VGor MAgarwal RSheth HKapadia PKumar S2020 The role of stimulation protocol, number of oocytes retrieved with respect to follicular fluid oxidative stress and IVF outcome. Human Fertility 23 23\u201331. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14647273.2018.1551630)"},{"key":"bib166","series-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research","first-page":"609","article-title":"Effect of DNA damage of cumulus oophorus cells and lymphocytes analyzed by alkaline comet assay on oocyte quality and intracytoplasmic sperm injection success among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Tola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tola ENKo\u015far PAKaratopuk DUSancer OOral B2019 Effect of DNA damage of cumulus oophorus cells and lymphocytes analyzed by alkaline comet assay on oocyte quality and intracytoplasmic sperm injection success among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 45 609\u2013618. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.13868)"},{"key":"bib167","series-title":"Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2016.08.003","article-title":"Clinical applications of gonadotropins in the male","volume":"143","author":"Ulloa-Aguirre","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ulloa-Aguirre ALira-Albarran S2016 Clinical applications of gonadotropins in the male. Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science 143 121\u2013174. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2016.08.003)"},{"key":"bib168","series-title":"Reproductive Biology","first-page":"402","article-title":"Reduced ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation is associated with increased oxidative stress in the follicular environment","volume":"20","author":"Uppangala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uppangala SFernandes GSalian SRKumar PTalevi RKalthur GAdiga SK2020 Reduced ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation is associated with increased oxidative stress in the follicular environment. Reproductive Biology 20 402\u2013407. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.repbio.2020.04.005)"},{"key":"bib169","series-title":"Human Reproduction Update","first-page":"104","article-title":"Infertility and reproductive disorders: impact of hormonal and inflammatory mechanisms on pregnancy outcome","volume":"22","author":"Vannuccini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vannuccini SClifton VLFraser ISTaylor HSCritchley HGiudice LCPetraglia F2016 Infertility and reproductive disorders: impact of hormonal and inflammatory mechanisms on pregnancy outcome. Human Reproduction Update 22 104\u2013115. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmv044)"},{"key":"bib170","series-title":"Human Fertility","first-page":"1","article-title":"Levels of total antioxidant capacity and 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine of serum and follicular fluid in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: focusing on endometriosis","author":"Varnagy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Varnagy AKoszegi TGyorgyi ESzegedi SSulyok EPremusz V2018 Levels of total antioxidant capacity and 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine of serum and follicular fluid in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: focusing on endometriosis. Human Fertility 1\u20139."},{"key":"bib171","series-title":"Human Fertility","first-page":"200","article-title":"Levels of total antioxidant capacity and 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine of serum and follicular fluid in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: focusing on endometriosis","volume":"23","author":"V\u00e1rnagy","year":"2020","unstructured":"V\u00e1rnagy \u00c1K\u0151szegi TGy\u00f6rgyi ESzegedi SSulyok EPr\u00e9musz VB\u00f3dis J2020 Levels of total antioxidant capacity and 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine of serum and follicular fluid in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: focusing on endometriosis. Human Fertility 23 200\u2013208. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14647273.2018.1535719)"},{"key":"bib172","series-title":"Urology Journal","first-page":"2973","article-title":"Evaluation of ROS-TAC score and DNA damage in fertile normozoospermic and infertile asthenozoospermic males","volume":"14","author":"Vatannejad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vatannejad ATavilani HSadeghi MRAmanpour SShapourizadeh SDoosti M2017 Evaluation of ROS-TAC score and DNA damage in fertile normozoospermic and infertile asthenozoospermic males. Urology Journal 14 2973\u20132978."},{"key":"bib173","series-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics","first-page":"121","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species measurement in neat and washed semen: comparative analysis and its significance in male infertility assessment","volume":"283","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Venkatesh SShamsi MBDudeja SKumar RDada R2011 Reactive oxygen species measurement in neat and washed semen: comparative analysis and its significance in male infertility assessment. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 283 121\u2013126. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-010-1645-4)"},{"key":"bib174","series-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity","article-title":"The role of thyroid hormones as inductors of oxidative stress and neurodegeneration","volume":"2013","author":"Villanueva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Villanueva IAlva-S\u00e1nchez CPacheco-Rosado J2013 The role of thyroid hormones as inductors of oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013 218145."},{"key":"bib175","series-title":"American Journal of Public Health","first-page":"1335","article-title":"Cotinine concentrations in semen, urine, and blood of smokers and nonsmokers","volume":"83","author":"Vine","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vine MFHulka BSMargolin BHTruong YKHu PCSchramm MMGriffith JDMccann MEverson RB1993 Cotinine concentrations in semen, urine, and blood of smokers and nonsmokers. American Journal of Public Health 83 1335\u20131338. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.83.9.1335)"},{"key":"bib176","series-title":"Gynecologie, Obstetrique and Fertilite","first-page":"515","article-title":"Comparing antioxidant enzyme levels in follicular fluid in ICSI-treated patients","volume":"43","author":"Wdowiak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wdowiak AWdowiak A2015 Comparing antioxidant enzyme levels in follicular fluid in ICSI-treated patients. Gynecologie, Obstetrique and Fertilite 43 515\u2013521. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2015.06.004)"},{"key":"bib177","series-title":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","first-page":"657","article-title":"Comparing reactive oxygen species and DNA fragmentation in semen samples of unexplained infertile and healthy fertile men","volume":"187","author":"Zandieh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zandieh ZVatannejad ADoosti MZabihzadeh SHaddadi MBajelan LRashidi BAmanpour S2018 Comparing reactive oxygen species and DNA fragmentation in semen samples of unexplained infertile and healthy fertile men. Irish Journal of Medical Science 187 657\u2013662. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11845-017-1708-7)"},{"key":"bib178","series-title":"Fertility and Sterility","first-page":"76","article-title":"Immunodetection of cotinine protein in granulosa-lutein cells of women exposed to cigarette smoke","volume":"68","author":"Zenzes","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zenzes MTPuy LABielecki R1997 Immunodetection of cotinine protein in granulosa-lutein cells of women exposed to cigarette smoke. Fertility and Sterility 68 76\u201382. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-0282(9781479-3)"},{"key":"bib179","series-title":"Cell Structure and Function","first-page":"189","article-title":"Cumulus oophorus extracellular matrix: its construction and regulation","volume":"26","author":"Zhuo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhuo LKimata K2001 Cumulus oophorus extracellular matrix: its construction and regulation. Cell Structure and Function 26 189\u2013196. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1247\/csf.26.189)"},{"key":"bib180","series-title":"Andrologia","article-title":"Review on arsenic-induced toxicity in male reproductive system and its amelioration","volume":"49","author":"Zubair","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zubair MAhmad MQureshi ZI2017 Review on arsenic-induced toxicity in male reproductive system and its amelioration. Andrologia 49. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.12791)"}],"container-title":["Reproduction and Fertility"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/raf.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/raf\/2\/2\/RAF-20-0062.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/raf.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/raf\/2\/2\/RAF-20-0062.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/raf.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/raf\/2\/2\/RAF-20-0062.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:53:18Z","timestamp":1784555598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/raf\/article\/2\/2\/117-139\/26059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]},"references-count":180,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/raf-20-0062","relation":{},"ISSN":["2633-8386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2633-8386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,18]]}}}