{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:26:17Z","timestamp":1790767577471,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1550,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In previous studies, we had shown the synergistic effect of 10\u22125 M forskolin (FSK) on the detection threshold of the cyclic AMP response to luteinizing hormones (LH) and chorionic gonadotropins (CG) from various species in the mouse Leydig tumor cell (mLTC) cell line. Independently, we started to study the effect of 10\u221212\u201310\u22126 M oxytocin (OXT) also on the cyclic AMP response to LH and CG preparations on these same cells and found an amplifying effect on the luminescence response caused by gonadotropins. The aim was then to explore the effects of 10\u221212\u201310\u22126 M OXT on the gonadotropin-induced cAMP response, in the presence or absence of 10 \u00b5M FSK to optimize the assay down to a sensitivity compatible with the detection of the circulating concentrations of these hormones in various species. Finally, the optimization relies on three independent phenomena: (1) the inhibition of nucleotide phosphodiesterase by IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) to avoid cAMP degradation; (2) the strong synergy of 10 \u00b5M forskolin with low concentrations of LH or CG during the 1-h luminescence measurement; (3) the stimulatory effect of 10\u22128M OXT on the amplitude of transfected cAMP-sensitive luciferase response. By doing this, the detectable concentrations are at the 1\u201310 pg\/well (pM range) for the LHs and CGs from various species. The bioactivities of circulating LHs and CGs in blood or urine are therefore expected to be measurable in 10 \u00b5L-plasma samples from mammalian species and maybe others. Indeed, a preliminary study with equine and donkey plasma samples shows that the measured bioactivity was fully inhibited by a specific MAB against the receptor-binding region of equine LH (eLH) and equine CG (eCG), thus eliminating a possible response due to interfering substances other than eLH or eCG. From these data, it is expected that the bioactivity profiles of these hormones will be measurable in the blood of human, equine, and ovine species and very likely in rodents, ruminants, and hopefully in most other mammalian species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a central role in controlling ovary and testicle functions in many animals, including humans. The highly sensitive method, known as an assay, described in this paper, measures the biological activity of LH in the blood of mammals. The assay is performed in culture of cells derived from mouse testicles in the presence of factors that diminish the detection threshold for LH. The knowledge of the bioactive LH concentration dynamics in the blood is very informative about the reproductive status of male and female mammals. This new in vitro bioassay provides a powerful tool to get this information.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/raf-21-0045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T13:21:41Z","timestamp":1636636901000},"page":"300-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Highly sensitive\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    bioassay for luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin allowing their measurement in plasma"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Dani\u00e8le","family":"Klett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et environnementale (INRAe) 1","department":["Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Behaviors (PRC), Nouzilly, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0574-2025","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yves","family":"Combarnous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et environnementale (INRAe) 1","department":["Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Behaviors (PRC), Nouzilly, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070713152463600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(93)90013-A","article-title":"Topography of equine chorionic gonadotropin epitopes relative to the luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor interaction sites","volume":"92","author":"Chopineau","year":"1993","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular 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