{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:28:05Z","timestamp":1787498885849,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["raf.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"images\/RAF-23-0087inf1.jpeg\"\/>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic environmentally persistent chemicals. Despite the phaseout of specific PFAS, their inherent stability has resulted in ubiquitous and enduring environmental contamination. PFAS bioaccumulation has been reported globally with omnipresence in most populations wherein they have been associated with a range of negative health effects, including strong associations with increased instances of testicular cancer and reductions in overall semen quality. To elucidate the biological basis of such effects, we employed an acute\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      exposure model in which the spermatozoa of adult male mice were exposed to a cocktail of PFAS chemicals at environmentally relevant concentrations. We hypothesized that direct PFAS treatment of spermatozoa would induce reactive oxygen species generation and compromise the functional profile and DNA integrity of exposed cells. Despite this, post-exposure functional testing revealed that short-term PFAS exposure (3 h) did not elicit a cytotoxic effect, nor did it overtly influence the functional profile, capacitation rate, or the\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertilization ability of spermatozoa. PFAS treatment of spermatozoa did, however, result in a significant delay in the developmental progression of the day 4 pre-implantation embryos produced\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This developmental delay could not be attributed to a loss of sperm DNA integrity, DNA damage, or elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. When considered together, the results presented here raise the intriguing prospect that spermatozoa exposed to a short-term PFAS exposure period potentially harbor an alternate stress signal that is delivered to the embryo upon fertilization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PFAS are synthetic chemicals widely used in non-stick cookware, food packaging, and firefighting foam. Such extensive use has led to concerning levels of environmental contamination and reports of associations with a spectrum of negative health outcomes, including testicular cancer and reduced semen quality. To investigate the effects of PFAS on male reproduction, we incubated mouse sperm in a cocktail of nine PFAS at environmentally relevant concentrations before checking for a range of functional outcomes. This treatment strategy was not toxic to the sperm; it did not kill them or reduce their motility, nor did it affect their fertilization capacity. However, we did observe developmental delays among pre-implantation embryos created using PFAS-treated sperm. Such findings raise the intriguing prospect that PFAS-exposed sperm harbor a form of stress signal that they deliver to the embryo upon fertilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/raf-23-0087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T12:50:45Z","timestamp":1708087845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Assessment of the impact of direct in vitro PFAS treatment on mouse spermatozoa"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Leah","family":"Calvert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0876-5150","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacinta H","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilana R","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan D","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffry N","family":"De Iuliis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew L","family":"Eamens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D","family":"Dun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett D","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Priority Research Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaun D","family":"Roman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSW Health Pathology, Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark P","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2745-8188","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brett","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Journal of Cell Science","first-page":"3645","article-title":"Tyrosine phosphorylation activates surface chaperones facilitating sperm-zona recognition","volume":"117","author":"Asquith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Asquith KLBaleato RMMclaughlin EANixon B & Aitken RJ2004Tyrosine phosphorylation activates surface chaperones facilitating sperm-zona recognition. Journal of Cell Science1173645\u20133657. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.01214)"},{"key":"bib2","article-title":"Toxicological profile for perfluoroalkyls: draft for public comment","year":"2018","unstructured":"ATSDR2018Toxicological profile for perfluoroalkyls: draft for public comment [Online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp200.pdf"},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Critical Reviews in Toxicology","first-page":"735","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and measures of human fertility: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Bach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bach CCVested AJ\u00f8rgensen KTBonde JPHenriksen TB & Toft G2016Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and measures of human fertility: a systematic review. Critical Reviews in Toxicology46735\u2013755. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408444.2016.1182117)"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Organofluorine Chemistry: Principles and Commercial Applications","author":"Banks","year":"1994","unstructured":"Banks RESmart BE & Tatlow J1994Organofluorine Chemistry: Principles and Commercial Applications. Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives","first-page":"1313","article-title":"Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposures and incident cancers among adults living near a chemical plant","volume":"121","author":"Barry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barry VWinquist A & Steenland K2013Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposures and incident cancers among adults living near a chemical plant. Environmental Health Perspectives1211313\u20131318. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1306615)"},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association","first-page":"663","article-title":"Critical review on PFOA, kidney cancer, and testicular cancer","volume":"71","author":"Bartell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bartell SM & Vieira VM2021Critical review on PFOA, kidney cancer, and testicular cancer. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association71663\u2013679. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10962247.2021.1909668)"},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Environmental Science and Technology","first-page":"5722","article-title":"Isomer-specific binding affinity of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) to serum proteins","volume":"49","author":"Beesoon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beesoon S & Martin JW2015Isomer-specific binding affinity of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) to serum proteins. Environmental Science and Technology495722\u20135731. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es505399w)"},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Methods in Mammalian Embryology","article-title":"The culture of mouse embryos in vitro","author":"Biggers","year":"1971","unstructured":"Biggers JDWhitten WK & Whittingham DG1971The culture of mouse embryos in vitro. Methods in Mammalian Embryology. San Francisco, CA: Freeman."},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Toxicology","first-page":"152565","article-title":"Early life exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and latent health outcomes: a review including the placenta as a target tissue and possible driver of peri- and postnatal effects","volume":"443","author":"Blake","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blake BE & Fenton SE2020Early life exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and latent health outcomes: a review including the placenta as a target tissue and possible driver of peri- and postnatal effects. Toxicology443152565. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152565)"},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Toxicology","first-page":"54","article-title":"Tissue distribution of \u00b3\u2075S-labelled perfluorooctane sulfonate in adult mice after oral exposure to a low environmentally relevant dose or a high experimental dose","volume":"284","author":"Bogdanska","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bogdanska JBorg DSundstr\u00f6m MBergstr\u00f6m UHalldin KAbedi-Valugerdi MBergman ANelson BDepierre J & Nobel S2011Tissue distribution of \u00b3\u2075S-labelled perfluorooctane sulfonate in adult mice after oral exposure to a low environmentally relevant dose or a high experimental dose. Toxicology28454\u201362. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2011.03.014)"},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Bloomberg Law","article-title":"PFAS bans, restrictions go into effect in states in 2023 (1)","author":"Bright","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bright Z2023PFAS bans, restrictions go into effect in states in 2023 (1) [Online]. Bloomberg Law. Available at: https:\/\/news.bloomberglaw.com\/environment-and-energy\/pfas-bans-restrictions-go-into-effect-in-states-as-year-begins (Accessed 14 April 2023)"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","first-page":"513","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: terminology, classification, and origins","volume":"7","author":"Buck","year":"2011","unstructured":"Buck RCFranklin JBerger UConder JMCousins ITDe Voogt PJensen AAKannan KMabury SA & Van Leeuwen SP2011Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: terminology, classification, and origins. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management7513\u2013541. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ieam.258)"},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology","first-page":"799043","article-title":"Assessment of the emerging threat posed by perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances to male reproduction in humans","volume":"12","author":"Calvert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Calvert LGreen MPDe Iuliis GNDun MDTurner BDClarke BOEamens ALRoman SD & Nixon B2022Assessment of the emerging threat posed by perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances to male reproduction in humans. Frontiers in Endocrinology12799043. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.799043)"},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Nature Medicine","first-page":"1754","article-title":"Mechanisms of implantation: strategies for successful pregnancy","volume":"18","author":"Cha","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cha JSun X & Dey SK2012Mechanisms of implantation: strategies for successful pregnancy. Nature Medicine181754\u20131767. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.3012)"},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"685","article-title":"Implantation enhancement by selective assisted hatching using zona drilling of human embryos with poor prognosis","volume":"7","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cohen JAlikani MTrowbridge J & Rosenwaks Z1992Implantation enhancement by selective assisted hatching using zona drilling of human embryos with poor prognosis. Human Reproduction7685\u2013691. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137720)"},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology","first-page":"169","article-title":"Can sustained exposure to PFAS trigger a genotoxic response? A comprehensive genotoxicity assessment in mice after subacute oral administration of PFOA and PFBA","volume":"106","author":"Crebelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crebelli RCaiola SConti LCordelli EDe Luca GDellatte EEleuteri PIacovella NLeopardi PMarcon F, et al.2019Can sustained exposure to PFAS trigger a genotoxic response? A comprehensive genotoxicity assessment in mice after subacute oral administration of PFOA and PFBA. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology106169\u2013177. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yrtph.2019.05.005)"},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"PFAS Investigation & Management Program, RAAF Base Williamtown","author":"Defence","year":"2022","unstructured":"Defence DO2022PFAS Investigation & Management Program, RAAF Base Williamtown [Online]. Australian Government2022. Available at: https:\/\/defence.gov.au\/Environment\/PFAS\/williamtown\/publications.asp (Accessed 12 April 2023)"},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Toxicology and Industrial Health","first-page":"884","article-title":"Genotoxicity assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances on human sperm","volume":"34","author":"Emerce","year":"2018","unstructured":"Emerce E & \u00c7etin \u00d62018Genotoxicity assessment of perfluoroalkyl substances on human sperm. Toxicology and Industrial Health34884\u2013890. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0748233718799191)"},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-038-0_14","article-title":"Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA\u00ae)","volume":"927","author":"Evenson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Evenson DP2013Sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA\u00ae). Methods in Molecular Biology927147\u2013164. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-62703-038-0_14)"},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","first-page":"606","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance toxicity and human health review: current state of knowledge and strategies for informing future research","volume":"40","author":"Fenton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fenton SEDucatman ABoobis ADewitt JCLau CNg CSmith JS & Roberts SM2021Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance toxicity and human health review: current state of knowledge and strategies for informing future research. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry40606\u2013630. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.4890)"},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives","first-page":"1873","article-title":"The C8 health project: design, methods, and participants","volume":"117","author":"Frisbee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Frisbee SJBrooks APMaher AFlensborg PArnold SFletcher TSteenland KShankar AKnox SSPollard C, et al.2009The C8 health project: design, methods, and participants. Environmental Health Perspectives1171873\u20131882. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.0800379)"},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Environment International","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparing the toxic potency in vivo of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and fluorinated alternatives","volume":"113","author":"Gomis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gomis MIVestergren RBorg D & Cousins IT2018Comparing the toxic potency in vivo of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids and fluorinated alternatives. Environment International1131\u20139. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2018.01.011)"},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"Andrologia","first-page":"1012","article-title":"Chromosomal aneuploidies and DNA fragmentation of human spermatozoa from patients exposed to perfluorinated compounds","volume":"47","author":"Governini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Governini LGuerranti CDe Leo VBoschi LLuddi AGori MOrvieto R & Piomboni P2015Chromosomal aneuploidies and DNA fragmentation of human spermatozoa from patients exposed to perfluorinated compounds. Andrologia471012\u20131019. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.12371)"},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"Toxicology","first-page":"153028","article-title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure of bovine oocytes affects early embryonic development at human-relevant levels in an in vitro model","volume":"464","author":"Hallberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hallberg IPersson SOlovsson MSirard MADamdimopoulou PR\u00fcegg J & Sjunnesson YCB2021Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure of bovine oocytes affects early embryonic development at human-relevant levels in an in vitro model. Toxicology464153028. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tox.2021.153028)"},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"Chemical Research in Toxicology","first-page":"775","article-title":"Binding of perfluorooctanoic acid to rat and human plasma proteins","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2003","unstructured":"Han XSnow TAKemper RA & Jepson GW2003Binding of perfluorooctanoic acid to rat and human plasma proteins. Chemical Research in Toxicology16775\u2013781. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/tx034005w)"},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives","first-page":"651","article-title":"Biomonitoring of perfluorinated compounds in children and adults exposed to perfluorooctanoate-contaminated drinking water","volume":"116","author":"H\u00f6lzer","year":"2008","unstructured":"H\u00f6lzer JMidasch ORauchfuss KKraft MReupert RAngerer JKleeschulte PMarschall N & Wilhelm M2008Biomonitoring of perfluorinated compounds in children and adults exposed to perfluorooctanoate-contaminated drinking water. Environmental Health Perspectives116651\u2013657. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.11064)"},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"Biology of Reproduction","first-page":"593","article-title":"Heat exposure induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in the male germ line","volume":"98","author":"Houston","year":"2018","unstructured":"Houston BJNixon BMartin JHDe Iuliis GNTrigg NABromfield EGMcewan KE & Aitken RJ2018Heat exposure induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in the male germ line. Biology of Reproduction98593\u2013606. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioy009)"},{"key":"bib28","series-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives","first-page":"923","article-title":"Do perfluoroalkyl compounds impair human semen quality?","volume":"117","author":"Joensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Joensen UNBossi RLeffers HJensen AASkakkeb\u00e6k NE & J\u00f8rgensen N2009Do perfluoroalkyl compounds impair human semen quality?Environmental Health Perspectives117923\u2013927. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.0800517)"},{"key":"bib29","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"599","article-title":"PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonate) in serum is negatively associated with testosterone levels, but not with semen quality, in healthy men","volume":"28","author":"Joensen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Joensen UNVeyrand BAntignac JPBlomberg Jensen MPetersen JHMarchand PSkakkeb\u00e6k NEAndersson AMLe Bizec B & J\u00f8rgensen N2013PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonate) in serum is negatively associated with testosterone levels, but not with semen quality, in healthy men. Human Reproduction28599\u2013608. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/des425)"},{"key":"bib30","series-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","first-page":"2639","article-title":"Binding of perfluorinated fatty acids to serum proteins","volume":"22","author":"Jones","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jones PDHu WDe Coen WNewsted JL & Giesy JP2003Binding of perfluorinated fatty acids to serum proteins. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry222639\u20132649. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1897\/02-553)"},{"key":"bib31","series-title":"Reproductive Toxicology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chronic acrylamide exposure in male mice induces DNA damage to spermatozoa; Potential for amelioration by resveratrol","volume":"63","author":"Katen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Katen ALStanger SJAnderson ALNixon B & Roman SD2016Chronic acrylamide exposure in male mice induces DNA damage to spermatozoa; Potential for amelioration by resveratrol. Reproductive Toxicology631\u201312. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2016.05.004)"},{"key":"bib32","series-title":"Development and Reproduction","first-page":"351","article-title":"A review of mechanisms of implantation","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim SM & Kim JS2017A review of mechanisms of implantation. Development and Reproduction21351\u2013359. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12717\/DR.2017.21.4.351)"},{"key":"bib34","series-title":"The PFAS Health Study: Systematic Literature Review","author":"Kirk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kirk MSmurthwaite KBr\u00e4unig JTrevenar SD\u2019este CLucas RLal AKorda RClements AMueller J, et al.2018The PFAS Health Study: Systematic Literature Review. Canberra: The Australian National University."},{"key":"bib35","series-title":"Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents","author":"Kissa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kissa E2001Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents. New York, NY: American Chemical Society."},{"key":"bib36","series-title":"Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis","first-page":"591","article-title":"Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and sperm DNA global methylation in Arctic and European populations","volume":"55","author":"Leter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leter GConsales CEleuteri PUccelli RSpecht IOToft GMoccia TBudillon AJ\u00f6nsson BALindh CH, et al.2014Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and sperm DNA global methylation in Arctic and European populations. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis55591\u2013600. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/em.21874)"},{"key":"bib37","series-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research International","first-page":"2303","article-title":"Comparison of waterborne and in ovo nanoinjection exposures to assess effects of PFOS on zebrafish embryos","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li YHan ZZheng XMa ZLiu HGiesy JPXie Y & Yu H2015Comparison of waterborne and in ovo nanoinjection exposures to assess effects of PFOS on zebrafish embryos. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International222303\u20132310. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-014-3527-y)"},{"key":"bib38","series-title":"Nagoya Journal of Medical Science","first-page":"323","article-title":"Maternal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors during pregnancy is associated with pediatric germ cell tumors","volume":"82","author":"Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin HWFeng HXChen LYuan XJ & Tan Z2020Maternal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors during pregnancy is associated with pediatric germ cell tumors. Nagoya Journal of Medical Science82323\u2013333. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18999\/nagjms.82.2.315)"},{"key":"bib39","series-title":"Reproductive Toxicology","first-page":"531","article-title":"Effects of per- and polyfluorinated compounds on adult rat testicular cells following in vitro exposure","volume":"33","author":"Lindeman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lindeman BMaass CDuale NG\u00fctzkow KBBrunborg G & Andreassen \u00c52012Effects of per- and polyfluorinated compounds on adult rat testicular cells following in vitro exposure. Reproductive Toxicology33531\u2013537. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2011.04.001)"},{"key":"bib40","series-title":"Biology of Reproduction","first-page":"33","article-title":"Accumulation of electrophilic aldehydes during postovulatory aging of mouse oocytes causes reduced fertility, oxidative stress, and apoptosis","volume":"92","author":"Lord","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lord TMartin JH & Aitken RJ2015Accumulation of electrophilic aldehydes during postovulatory aging of mouse oocytes causes reduced fertility, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Biology of Reproduction9233. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.114.122820)"},{"key":"bib41","series-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives","first-page":"57","article-title":"Perfluorochemicals and human semen quality: the LIFE study","volume":"123","author":"Louis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Louis GMChen ZSchisterman EFKim SSweeney AMSundaram RLynch CDGore-Langton RE & Barr DB2015Perfluorochemicals and human semen quality: the LIFE study. Environmental Health Perspectives12357\u201363. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1307621)"},{"key":"bib42","series-title":"Data in Brief","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Data on the concentrations of etoposide, PSC833, BAPTA-AM, and cycloheximide that do not compromise the vitality of mature mouse oocytes, parthenogencially activated and fertilized embryos","volume":"8","author":"Martin","year":"2016a","unstructured":"Martin JHBromfield EGAitken RJLord T & Nixon B2016aData on the concentrations of etoposide, PSC833, BAPTA-AM, and cycloheximide that do not compromise the vitality of mature mouse oocytes, parthenogencially activated and fertilized embryos. Data in Brief81215\u20131220. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dib.2016.07.046)"},{"key":"bib43","series-title":"Developmental Biology","first-page":"63","article-title":"Identification of a key role for permeability glycoprotein in enhancing the cellular defense mechanisms of fertilized oocytes","volume":"417","author":"Martin","year":"2016b","unstructured":"Martin JHNixon BLord TBromfield EG & Aitken RJ2016bIdentification of a key role for permeability glycoprotein in enhancing the cellular defense mechanisms of fertilized oocytes. Developmental Biology41763\u201376. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2016.06.035)"},{"key":"bib44","series-title":"Scientific Reports","first-page":"9685","article-title":"Double strand break DNA Repair occurs via Non-Homologous End-Joining in Mouse MII oocytes","volume":"8","author":"Martin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martin JHBromfield EGAitken RJLord T & Nixon B2018Double strand break DNA Repair occurs via Non-Homologous End-Joining in Mouse MII oocytes. Scientific Reports89685. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-27892-2)"},{"key":"bib45","series-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","first-page":"196","article-title":"Bioconcentration and tissue distribution of perfluorinated acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"22","author":"Martin","year":"2003a","unstructured":"Martin JWMabury SASolomon KR & Muir DC2003aBioconcentration and tissue distribution of perfluorinated acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry22196\u2013204. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.5620220126)"},{"key":"bib46","series-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","first-page":"189","article-title":"Dietary accumulation of perfluorinated acids in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","volume":"22","author":"Martin","year":"2003b","unstructured":"Martin JWMabury SASolomon KR & Muir DC2003bDietary accumulation of perfluorinated acids in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry22189\u2013195. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.5620220125)"},{"key":"bib47","series-title":"Nat","year":"2016","unstructured":"NTP2016National Toxicology Program Monograph on Immunotoxicity Associated with Exposures to Perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS). US Department of Health and Human Services, 2016."},{"key":"bib48","series-title":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","first-page":"725","article-title":"The bovine embryo hatches from the zona pellucida through either the embryonic or abembryonic pole","volume":"34","author":"Negr\u00f3n-P\u00e9rez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Negr\u00f3n-P\u00e9rez VM & Hansen PJ2017The bovine embryo hatches from the zona pellucida through either the embryonic or abembryonic pole. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics34725\u2013731. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-017-0933-3)"},{"key":"bib49","series-title":"Biology of Reproduction","first-page":"275","article-title":"The identification of mouse sperm-surface-associated proteins and characterization of their ability to act as decapacitation factors","volume":"74","author":"Nixon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nixon BMacintyre DAMitchell LAGibbs GMO'bryan M & Aitken RJ2006The identification of mouse sperm-surface-associated proteins and characterization of their ability to act as decapacitation factors. Biology of Reproduction74275\u2013287. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.105.044644)"},{"key":"bib50","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"1723","article-title":"Use of lasers in assisted fertilization and hatching","volume":"9","author":"Obruca","year":"1994","unstructured":"Obruca AStrohmer HSakkas DMenezo YKogosowski ABarak Y & Feichtinger W1994Use of lasers in assisted fertilization and hatching. Human Reproduction91723\u20131726. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138781)"},{"key":"bib51","series-title":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development","article-title":"Joint meeting of the chemicals committee and the working party on chemicals, pesticides and biotechnology","year":"2018","unstructured":"OECD2018Joint meeting of the chemicals committee and the working party on chemicals, pesticides and biotechnology. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2018. Available at: https:\/\/one.oecd.org\/document\/ENV\/JM\/WRPR(201953\/FINAL\/En\/pdf."},{"key":"bib52","series-title":"Environmental Research","first-page":"87","article-title":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in American Red Cross adult blood donors, 2000\u20132015","volume":"157","author":"Olsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olsen GWMair DCLange CCHarrington LMChurch TRGoldberg CLHerron RMHanna HNobiletti JBRios JA, et al.2017Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in American Red Cross adult blood donors, 2000\u20132015. Environmental Research15787\u201395. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2017.05.013)"},{"key":"bib53","series-title":"Reproductive Toxicology","first-page":"85","article-title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid induce plasma membrane dysfunction in boar spermatozoa during in vitro capacitation","volume":"110","author":"Ortiz-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ortiz-S\u00e1nchez PBRoa-Espitia ALFierro RL\u00f3pez-Torres ASJim\u00e9nez-Morales IOseguera-L\u00f3pez IHern\u00e1ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez EO & Gonz\u00e1lez-M\u00e1rquez H2022Perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid induce plasma membrane dysfunction in boar spermatozoa during in vitro capacitation. Reproductive Toxicology11085\u201396. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2022.03.013)"},{"key":"bib54","series-title":"Animals: An Open Access Journal from MDPI","article-title":"Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) alters protein phosphorylation, increase ROS Levels and DNA fragmentation during in vitro capacitation of boar spermatozoa","volume":"10","author":"Oseguera-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oseguera-L\u00f3pez IP\u00e9rez-Cerezales SOrtiz-S\u00e1nchez PBMondragon-Payne OS\u00e1nchez-S\u00e1nchez RJim\u00e9nez-Morales IFierro R & Gonz\u00e1lez-M\u00e1rquez H2020Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) alters protein phosphorylation, increase ROS Levels and DNA fragmentation during in vitro capacitation of boar spermatozoa. Animals: An Open Access Journal from MDPI10. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani10101934)"},{"key":"bib55","series-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives","first-page":"127005","article-title":"Profiles of emerging and legacy per-\/Polyfluoroalkyl substances in matched serum and semen samples: new implications for human semen quality","volume":"127","author":"Pan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pan YCui QWang JSheng NJing JYao B & Dai J2019Profiles of emerging and legacy per-\/Polyfluoroalkyl substances in matched serum and semen samples: new implications for human semen quality. Environmental Health Perspectives127127005. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP4431)"},{"key":"bib56","series-title":"Chemosphere","first-page":"140948","article-title":"PFOS and F\u201353B disrupted inner cell mass development in mouse preimplantation embryo","volume":"349","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiu YGao MCao TWang JLuo MLiu SZeng X & Huang J2024PFOS and F\u201353B disrupted inner cell mass development in mouse preimplantation embryo. Chemosphere349140948. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.140948)"},{"key":"bib57","series-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","first-page":"37659","article-title":"Dynamin regulates specific membrane fusion events necessary for acrosomal exocytosis in mouse spermatozoa","volume":"287","author":"Reid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reid ATLord TStanger SJRoman SDMccluskey ARobinson PJAitken RJ & Nixon B2012a Dynamin regulates specific membrane fusion events necessary for acrosomal exocytosis in mouse spermatozoa. Journal of Biological Chemistry28737659\u201337672. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M112.392803)"},{"key":"bib58","series-title":"Journal of Endocrinological Investigation","first-page":"641","article-title":"Perfluoro-octanoic acid impairs sperm motility through the alteration of plasma membrane","volume":"43","author":"\u0160abovi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u0160abovi\u0107 ICosci IDe Toni LFerramosca AStornaiuolo MDi Nisio ADall\u2019acqua SGarolla A & Foresta C2020Perfluoro-octanoic acid impairs sperm motility through the alteration of plasma membrane. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation43641\u2013652. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-019-01152-0)"},{"key":"bib59","series-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","first-page":"23","article-title":"Developmental toxicity and alteration of gene expression in zebrafish embryos exposed to PFOS","volume":"230","author":"Shi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shi XDu YLam PKSWu RSS & Zhou B2008Developmental toxicity and alteration of gene expression in zebrafish embryos exposed to PFOS. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology23023\u201332. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2008.01.043)"},{"key":"bib60","series-title":"Environmental Science and Technology","first-page":"1180","article-title":"Quantitation of Gas-Phase perfluoroalkyl surfactants and fluorotelomer alcohols released from nonstick cookware and microwave popcorn bags","volume":"41","author":"Sinclair","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sinclair EKim SKAkinleye HB & Kannan K2007Quantitation of Gas-Phase perfluoroalkyl surfactants and fluorotelomer alcohols released from nonstick cookware and microwave popcorn bags. Environmental Science and Technology411180\u20131185. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es062377w)"},{"key":"bib61","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"972","article-title":"Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects","volume":"16","author":"Skakkebaek","year":"2001","unstructured":"Skakkebaek NERajpert-De Meyts E & Main KM2001Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects. Human Reproduction16972\u2013978. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/16.5.972)"},{"key":"bib62","series-title":"Free Radical Biology and Medicine","first-page":"872","article-title":"Functional deletion of Txndc2 and Txndc3 increases the susceptibility of spermatozoa to age-related oxidative stress","volume":"65","author":"Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith TBBaker MAConnaughton HSHabenicht U & Aitken RJ2013Functional deletion of Txndc2 and Txndc3 increases the susceptibility of spermatozoa to age-related oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology and Medicine65872\u2013881. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.021)"},{"key":"bib63","series-title":"Environment International","first-page":"50","article-title":"Biomonitoring PFAAs in blood and semen samples: investigation of a potential link between PFAAs exposure and semen mobility in China","volume":"113","author":"Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song XTang SZhu HChen ZZang ZZhang YNiu XWang XYin HZeng F, et al.2018Biomonitoring PFAAs in blood and semen samples: investigation of a potential link between PFAAs exposure and semen mobility in China. Environment International11350\u201354. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2018.01.010)"},{"key":"bib64","series-title":"Reproductive Toxicology","first-page":"577","article-title":"Sperm DNA integrity in relation to exposure to environmental perfluoroalkyl substances - a study of spouses of pregnant women in three geographical regions","volume":"33","author":"Specht","year":"2012","unstructured":"Specht IOHougaard KSSpan\u00f2 MBizzaro DManicardi GCLindh CHToft GJ\u00f6nsson BAGGiwercman A & Bonde JPE2012Sperm DNA integrity in relation to exposure to environmental perfluoroalkyl substances - a study of spouses of pregnant women in three geographical regions. Reproductive Toxicology33577\u2013583. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reprotox.2012.02.008)"},{"key":"bib65","series-title":"Theriogenology","first-page":"1451","article-title":"Validation of merocyanine 540 staining as a technique for assessing capacitation-related membrane destabilization of fresh dog sperm","volume":"83","author":"Steckler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steckler DStout TAEDurandt C & N\u00f6thling JO2015Validation of merocyanine 540 staining as a technique for assessing capacitation-related membrane destabilization of fresh dog sperm. Theriogenology831451\u20131460. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.01.019)"},{"key":"bib66","series-title":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","first-page":"131","article-title":"A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects","volume":"29","author":"Sunderland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sunderland EMHu XCDassuncao CTokranov AKWagner CC & Allen JG2019A review of the pathways of human exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and present understanding of health effects. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology29131\u2013147. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41370-018-0094-1)"},{"key":"bib67","series-title":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","first-page":"147","article-title":"In vitro effects of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase 3A inhibitor, on mouse oocyte maturation and morphology","volume":"41","author":"Taiyeb","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taiyeb AMDees WLRidha-Albarzanchi MTSayes CM & Kraemer DC2014In vitro effects of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase 3A inhibitor, on mouse oocyte maturation and morphology. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology41147\u2013153. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1440-1681.12193)"},{"key":"bib68","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","first-page":"3794","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl chemicals and male reproductive health: do PFOA and PFOS increase risk for male infertility?","volume":"18","author":"Tarapore","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tarapore P & Ouyang B2021Perfluoroalkyl chemicals and male reproductive health: do PFOA and PFOS increase risk for male infertility?International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health183794. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18073794)"},{"key":"bib69","series-title":"Human Reproduction","first-page":"2532","article-title":"Exposure to perfluorinated compounds and human semen quality in arctic and European populations","volume":"27","author":"Toft","year":"2012","unstructured":"Toft GJ\u00f6nsson BAGLindh CHGiwercman ASpano MHeederik DLenters VVermeulen RRylander LPedersen HS, et al.2012Exposure to perfluorinated compounds and human semen quality in arctic and European populations. Human Reproduction272532\u20132540. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/des185)"},{"key":"bib70","series-title":"Chemosphere","first-page":"22","article-title":"Novel remediation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from contaminated groundwater using Cannabis sativa L.(hemp) protein powder","volume":"229","author":"Turner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Turner BDSloan SW & Currell GR2019Novel remediation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from contaminated groundwater using Cannabis sativa L.(hemp) protein powder. Chemosphere22922\u201331. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.04.139)"},{"key":"bib71","series-title":"Reproduction","first-page":"17","article-title":"Protein phosphorylation in mammalian spermatozoa","volume":"125","author":"Urner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Urner F & Sakkas D2003Protein phosphorylation in mammalian spermatozoa. Reproduction12517\u201326. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep.0.1250017)"},{"key":"bib72","series-title":"Chemico-Biological Interactions","first-page":"317","article-title":"Covalent binding of perfluorinated fatty acids to proteins in the plasma, liver and testes of rats","volume":"82","author":"Vanden Heuvel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Vanden Heuvel JPKuslikis BI & Peterson RE1992Covalent binding of perfluorinated fatty acids to proteins in the plasma, liver and testes of rats. Chemico-Biological Interactions82317\u2013328. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0009-2797(9290003-4)"},{"key":"bib73","series-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives","first-page":"453","article-title":"Associations of in utero exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids with human semen quality and reproductive hormones in adult men","volume":"121","author":"Vested","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vested ARamlau-Hansen CHOlsen SFBonde JPKristensen SLHalldorsson TIBecher GHaug LSErnst EH & Toft G2013Associations of in utero exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids with human semen quality and reproductive hormones in adult men. Environmental Health Perspectives121453\u2013458. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1205118)"},{"key":"bib74","series-title":"Environmental Science and Technology","first-page":"5565","article-title":"Tracking the pathways of human exposure to perfluorocarboxylates","volume":"43","author":"Vestergren","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vestergren R & Cousins IT2009Tracking the pathways of human exposure to perfluorocarboxylates. Environmental Science and Technology435565\u20135575. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es900228k)"},{"key":"bib75","series-title":"Endocrinology","first-page":"249","article-title":"Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) perturbs male rat Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier function by affecting F-actin organization via p-FAK-Tyr(407): an in vitro study","volume":"155","author":"Wan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wan HTMruk DDWong CK & Cheng CY2014Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) perturbs male rat Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier function by affecting F-actin organization via p-FAK-Tyr(407): an in vitro study. Endocrinology155249\u2013262. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2013-1657)"},{"key":"bib76","series-title":"Environment International","first-page":"242","article-title":"Fluorinated alternatives to long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and their potential precursors","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang ZCousins ITScheringer M & Hungerb\u00fchler K2013Fluorinated alternatives to long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and their potential precursors. Environment International60242\u2013248. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2013.08.021)"},{"key":"bib77","series-title":"New England Journal of Medicine","first-page":"1796","article-title":"Time of implantation of the conceptus and loss of pregnancy","volume":"340","author":"Wilcox","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilcox AJBaird DD & Weinberg CR1999Time of implantation of the conceptus and loss of pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine3401796\u20131799. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199906103402304)"},{"key":"bib78","series-title":"Chemosphere","first-page":"125074","article-title":"PFOA evokes extracellular Ca2+ influx and compromises progesterone-induced response in human sperm","volume":"241","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan YDing XCheng YKang HLuo TZhang XKuang HChen YZeng X & Zhang D2020PFOA evokes extracellular Ca2+ influx and compromises progesterone-induced response in human sperm. Chemosphere241125074. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125074)"},{"key":"bib79","series-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives","first-page":"27002","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl acids in follicular fluid and embryo quality during IVF: a prospective IVF cohort in China","volume":"131","author":"Zeng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeng XWBloom MSWei FLiu LQin JXue LWang SHuang GTeng MHe B, et al.2023Perfluoroalkyl acids in follicular fluid and embryo quality during IVF: a prospective IVF cohort in China. Environmental Health Perspectives13127002. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP10857)"},{"key":"bib80","series-title":"Journal of Proteome Research","first-page":"3370","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of mouse testis reveals perfluorooctanoic acid-induced reproductive dysfunction via direct disturbance of testicular steroidogenic machinery","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang HLu YLuo BYan SGuo X & Dai J2014Proteomic analysis of mouse testis reveals perfluorooctanoic acid-induced reproductive dysfunction via direct disturbance of testicular steroidogenic machinery. Journal of Proteome Research133370\u20133385. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/pr500228d)"},{"key":"bib81","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e78888","article-title":"Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate in utero reduces testosterone production in rat fetal Leydig cells","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao BLi LLiu JLi HZhang CHan PZhang YYuan XGe RS & Chu Y2014Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate in utero reduces testosterone production in rat fetal Leydig cells. PLoS One9e78888. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0078888)"},{"key":"bib82","series-title":"Environment International","first-page":"107413","article-title":"Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure affects early embryonic development and offspring oocyte quality via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"167","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou YTLi RLi SHMa XLiu LNiu D & Duan X2022Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure affects early embryonic development and offspring oocyte quality via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. Environment International167107413. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107413)"}],"container-title":["Reproduction and Fertility"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/raf.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/raf\/5\/1\/RAF-23-0087.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/raf.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/raf\/5\/1\/RAF-23-0087.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/raf.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/raf\/5\/1\/RAF-23-0087.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:53:58Z","timestamp":1784555638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/raf\/article\/26185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/raf-23-0087","relation":{},"ISSN":["2633-8386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2633-8386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]}}}