{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:17:37Z","timestamp":1783448257735,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":333,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sperm freezing\u2013thawing procedure is the most commonly used technique in clinics to preserve male fertility before any pathological destruction of the testis. Therefore, most studies are currently focused on optimizing this method to achieve high-quality semen after thawing. During cryopreservation, oxidative stress-induced damage affects sperm structures and decreases their fertility potential. The use of antioxidants in freezing media can protect sperm against oxidative damage. We designed this study to evaluate whether incubation of semen with human follicular fluid, which contains a wide variety of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, can prevent the negative effects of freezing\u2013thawing on human spermatozoa. Human semen was divided into three groups i) the 0-hour group (before freezing), ii) the control group (after freezing\u2013thawing), and iii) the FF group (after freezing with 50% follicular fluid). The sperm motility, viability, integrity of the plasma membrane and DNA, mitochondrial membrane potential, malondialdehyde level, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase activity were assessed in these three groups. The findings showed a significant decrease in sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane and DNA integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase activity and a significant increase in malondialdehyde level in the control group compared with the 0-hour group. The FF group displayed a considerable increase in sperm parameters, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase activity and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde level compared with the control group. Follicular fluid can be considered an effective supplement to improve antioxidant indices and sperm parameters during freezing\u2013thawing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sperm freezing is a useful method in clinics to preserve fertility in people who are affected by some problems such as diseases or chemotherapy which decrease their fertility. Although various studies are focused on optimizing this method, some challenges decrease the efficiency of this method. Oxidative stress has been reported as one of the mechanisms inducing negative effects on sperm during freezing\u2013thawing. Therefore, the use of cryoprotectants and also some antioxidants has been suggested to increase sperm quality during freezing\u2013thawing. In this study, we used human follicular fluid before freezing to assess sperm parameters. Our results showed that follicular fluid with antioxidant properties and other proper factors can have positive effects on human sperm during freezing\u2013thawing and could be proposed to be added to the sperm freezing medium to improve sperm parameters, although this suggestion needs to be confirmed by further experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/raf-24-0056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T13:53:44Z","timestamp":1748958824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Incubation of semen with human follicular fluid improves the antioxidant status and quality of spermatozoa after freezing\u2013thawing"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8383-6150","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Monireh","family":"Mahmoodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University , ,","place":["Arak 3848177584, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Shojafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University , ,","place":["Arak 3848177584, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Dastjani-Farahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University , ,","place":["Arak 3848177584, Iran"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2013.05.017","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of human follicular fluid: a new perspective towards understanding folliculogenesis","volume":"87","author":"Ambekar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Proteonomics"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)54417-3","article-title":"Platelet-activating factor-acether is a component of human follicular fluid","volume":"56","author":"Amiel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12998","article-title":"Relationship between nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial DNA damage and standard sperm parameters in spermatozoa of fertile and sub-fertile men before and after freeze-thawing procedure","volume":"50","author":"Amor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2006.09.001","article-title":"Proteome analysis of human follicular fluid","volume":"1764","author":"Angelucci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2020.07.001","article-title":"Supplementation of freezing media with alpha lipoic acid preserves the structural and functional characteristics of sperm against cryodamage in infertile men with asthenoteratozoospermia","volume":"96","author":"Asa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2021.07.225","article-title":"Follicular fluid hyaluronic acid polydispersity is associated with age and in vitro fertilization cycle outcome: a pilot study","volume":"116","author":"Babayev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2020.103236","article-title":"Nicotinic acid (Niacin) supplementation in cooling and freezing extenders enhances stallion semen characteristics","volume":"94","author":"Bahrami","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2008.04.014","article-title":"Oxidative stress, osmotic stress and apoptosis: impacts on sperm function and preservation in the horse","volume":"107","author":"Ball","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2011.579652","article-title":"Effect of follicular fluid oxidative stress parameters on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome","volume":"28","author":"Bedaiwy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5812\/numonthly-138581","article-title":"Cysteamine mitigates the deleterious impact of cryopreservation on sperm parameters","volume":"15","author":"Behmanesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrourol Mon"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-10-0068","article-title":"Metabolite concentrations in follicular fluid may explain differences in fertility between heifers and lactating cows","volume":"139","author":"Bender","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00454","article-title":"Membrane fluidity and the ability of domestic bird spermatozoa to survive cryopreservation","volume":"129","author":"Blesbois","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13151","article-title":"Follicular fluid stimulates capacitation and acrosome reaction in alpaca sperm (Vicugna pacos)","volume":"53","author":"Bravo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2428-4","article-title":"Increased concentration of 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine in follicular fluid of infertile women with endometriosis","volume":"366","author":"Da Broi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12953-016-0106-9","article-title":"Follicular fluid biomarkers for human in vitro fertilization outcome: proof of principle","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proteome Sci"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.03.005","article-title":"Myoinositol: does it improve sperm mitochondrial function and sperm motility?","volume":"79","author":"Condorelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urol Times"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-019-01643-2","article-title":"Co-incubation of spermatozoa with human follicular fluid reduces sperm DNA fragmentation by mitigating DNase activity in the seminal plasma","volume":"37","author":"Dorado-Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.05.039","article-title":"Freezing-thawing induces alterations in histone H1-DNA binding and the breaking of protein-DNA disulfide bonds in boar sperm","volume":"76","author":"Flores","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib19","first-page":"172","article-title":"Leptin improves sperm cryopreservation via antioxidant defense","volume":"18","author":"Fontoura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Reproduction Infertil"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-017-0342-3","article-title":"Follicular Fluid redox involvement for ovarian follicle growth","volume":"10","author":"Freitas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.032","article-title":"Correlations of follicular fluid oxidative stress biomarkers and enzyme activities with embryo morphology parameters during in vitro fertilization","volume":"96","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-007-9145-6","article-title":"Sperm motility stimulation and preservation with various concentrations of follicular fluid","volume":"24","author":"Getpook","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-010-2466-6","article-title":"[Semen analysis: spermiogram according to WHO 2010 criteria]","volume":"50","author":"Gottardo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Urologe A"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030337","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by cryopreservation in reproductive cells","volume":"10","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib26","first-page":"514","article-title":"The activities of catalase in the spermatozoa and seminal plasma of patients with asethenospermia; and their relationship with oxidants and antioxidants","volume":"8","author":"Hadwan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iraqi Natl J Chem"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10111154","article-title":"Bovine follicular fluid derived extracellular vesicles modulate the viability, capacitation and acrosome reaction of bull spermatozoa","volume":"10","author":"Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1900520","article-title":"Effect of resveratrol treatment on apoptosis and apoptotic pathways during boar semen freezing","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.88.3.526","article-title":"Monitoring of relative mitochondrial membrane potential in living cells by fluorescence microscopy","volume":"88","author":"Johnson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.10.005","article-title":"Vitamin E supplementation in semen-freezing medium improves the motility and protects sperm from freeze-thaw\u2013induced DNA damage","volume":"95","author":"Kalthur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199418000254","article-title":"Effects of human sperm cryopreservation on apoptotic markers in normozoospermic and non-normozoospermic patients","volume":"26","author":"Karabulut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zygote"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1177\/0394632015572080","article-title":"The protective effects of melatonin against cryopreservation-induced oxidative stress in human sperm","volume":"28","author":"Karimfar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.3390\/life11111250","article-title":"Progesterone, myo-inositol, dopamine and prolactin present in follicular fluid have differential effects on sperm motility subpopulations","volume":"11","author":"Keyser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.04.008","article-title":"Viability, motility, ATP content and fertilizing potential of sperm from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in milt stored before cryopreservation","volume":"151","author":"Kommisrud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-66292-9_22","volume-title":"XIIIth International Symposium on Spermatology","author":"Kopeika","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.033","article-title":"Stimulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production by unesterified, unsaturated fatty acids in defective human spermatozoa","volume":"48","author":"Koppers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59597-1","article-title":"Follicular fluid estradiol and progesterone are markers of preovulatory oocyte quality","volume":"48","author":"Kreiner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010486","article-title":"Follicular fluid proteomic analysis of women undergoing assisted reproduction suggests that apolipoprotein A1 is a potential fertility marker","volume":"25","author":"Kurdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2015.09.015","article-title":"Exploratory study of the association of steroid profiles in stimulated ovarian follicular fluid with outcomes of IVF treatment","volume":"162","author":"Kushnir","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/190542","article-title":"Role of membrane lipid fatty acids in sperm cryopreservation","volume":"2014","author":"Mandal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Androl"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18298-2","article-title":"Protective effect of rosiglitazone on microscopic and oxidative stress parameters of ram sperm after freeze-thawing","volume":"12","author":"Mehdipour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hyperoside supplementation in preservation media surpasses vitamin C protection against oxidative stress-induced damages in human spermatozoa","volume":"56","author":"Moreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2014.09.006","article-title":"Study of human sperm motility post cryopreservation","volume":"70","author":"Oberoi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4716","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb45060300","article-title":"Sperm cryopreservation today: approaches, efficiency, and pitfalls","volume":"45","author":"Ozimic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12281","article-title":"Effect of bovine follicular fluid on reactive oxygen species and glutathione in oocytes, apoptosis and apoptosis-related gene expression of in vitro-produced blastocysts","volume":"49","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00574-X","article-title":"Semen plasma proteins prevent cold-shock membrane damage to ram spermatozoa","volume":"56","author":"P\u00e9rez-P\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082781","article-title":"Sperm cryodamage in ruminants: understanding the molecular changes induced by the cryopreservation process to optimize sperm quality","volume":"21","author":"Peris-Frau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-019-09775-6","article-title":"Correlation between sperm motility and sperm chromatin\/DNA damage before and after cryopreservation and the effect of folic acid and nicotinic acid on post-thaw sperm quality in normozoospermic men","volume":"20","author":"Rarani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib50","first-page":"331","article-title":"Comparative analysis between slow freezing and ultra-rapid freezing for human sperm cryopreservation","volume":"22","author":"Riva","year":"2018","journal-title":"JBRA Assist Reprod"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.29252\/ijrm.14.4.231","article-title":"Etiologies of sperm oxidative stress","volume":"14","author":"Sabeti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00572-9","article-title":"Protective effects of curcumin on the outcome of cryopreservation in human sperm","volume":"28","author":"Santonastaso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080390305","article-title":"Immunoglobulins from human follicular fluid induce the acrosome reaction in human sperm","volume":"39","author":"Sarag\u00fceta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib54","first-page":"74","article-title":"Sperm motility and viability: overview of the cellular and physiological aspects that support these functions","volume":"1","author":"Sati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Med J"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib55","first-page":"343","article-title":"Effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on embryo development: clinical and biological aspects","volume":"21","author":"Sed\u00f3","year":"2017","journal-title":"JBRA Assist Reprod"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12594","article-title":"Sperm membrane behaviour during cooling and cryopreservation","volume":"50","author":"Sieme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2013.08.005","article-title":"Markers of oxidative stress in follicular fluid of women with endometriosis and tubal infertility undergoing IVF","volume":"42","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-3143-ar2020-0219","article-title":"The effects of cryopreservation on the acrosome structure, enzyme activity, motility, and fertility of bovine, ovine, and goat sperm","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim Reprod"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.11.013","article-title":"Targeted antioxidant delivery modulates mitochondrial functions, ameliorates oxidative stress and preserve sperm quality during cryopreservation","volume":"179","author":"Tiwari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-47767-7_36","volume-title":"Female and male fertility preservation","author":"Todorovic","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201100240","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the microenvironment of developing oocytes","volume":"12","author":"Twigt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1080\/gye.15.4.286.292","article-title":"Effects of follicular fluid and steroid hormones on chemotaxis and motility of human spermatozoa in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9936","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14201-1","article-title":"Glutamine and norepinephrine in follicular fluid synergistically enhance the antioxidant capacity of human granulosa cells and the outcome of IVF-ET","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03710-4","article-title":"Metabolic signatures in human follicular fluid identify lysophosphatidylcholine as a predictor of follicular development","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00637-8","article-title":"Effects of human follicular fluid on the capacitation and motility of human spermatozoa","volume":"73","author":"Yao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2026070713193718800_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02804-1","article-title":"Freeze-thawing impairs the motility, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondria function of boar spermatozoa through generating excessive ROS","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"}],"container-title":["Reproduction and Fertility"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/raf.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/raf\/6\/2\/RAF-24-0056.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/raf.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/raf\/6\/2\/RAF-24-0056.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/raf\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1530\/RAF-24-0056\/146985\/raf-24-0056.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/raf\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1530\/RAF-24-0056\/146985\/raf-24-0056.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T17:50:00Z","timestamp":1783446600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.bioscientifica.com\/raf\/article\/6\/2\/e240056\/26232\/Incubation-of-semen-with-human-follicular-fluid"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/raf-24-0056","relation":{},"ISSN":["2633-8386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2633-8386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"article-number":"e240056"}}