{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T12:53:56Z","timestamp":1784120036274,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The reproductive physiology of the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens, was characterized to facilitate the development of artificial insemination (AI) using cryopreserved spermatozoa. Specific objectives were to: 1) describe reproductive seasonality of the Pacific white sided dolphins; 2) describe urinary LH and ovarian steroid metabolites during the estrous cycle; 3) correlate LH and ovarian steroidal metabolite patterns to ultrasound-monitored follicular growth and ovulation; and 4) assess the efficacy of synchronizing estrus, sperm collection\/cryopreservation, and intrauterine insemination. Ovulations (64%, n=37) and conceptions (83%, n=18) occurred from August to October. Peak mean serum testosterone (24\u200ang\/ml), cross-sectional testicular area (41.6\u200acm2), and sperm concentration (144.3\u00d7107\u200asperm\/ml) occurred in July, August, and September respectively. Spermatozoa were only found in ejaculates from July to October. Estrous cycles (n=22) were 31 d long and were comprised of a 10 d follicular and 21 d luteal phase. Ovulation occurred 31.2\u200ah after the onset of the LH surge and 19.3\u200ah after the LH peak. Follicular diameter and circumference within 12\u200ah of ovulation were 1.52 and 4.66\u200acm respectively. Estrus synchronization attempts with altrenogest resulted in 17 (22%) ovulatory cycles with ovulation occurring 21 d post-altrenogest. Ten AI attempts using cryopreserved semen resulted in five pregnancies (50%). The mean gestation length was 356 days (range 348\u2013367). These data provide new information on the Pacific white-sided dolphin's reproductive physiology and collectively enabled the first application of AI in this species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-08-0528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]],"date-time":"2009-06-03T21:17:35Z","timestamp":1244063855000},"page":"391-405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Seasonality, estrous cycle characterization, estrus synchronization, semen cryopreservation, and artificial insemination in the Pacific white-sided dolphin (\n                    <i>Lagenorhynchus obliquidens<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"T R","family":"Robeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center Busch Entertainment Corporation, San Diego, California 92109, USA 2Smithsonian Institution Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, Virginia 22630, USA 3John G. Shedd Aquarium Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA 4Laboratory of Fish Culture Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan 5Kamogawa SeaWorld Kamogawa, Chiba 296-0041, Japan 6SeaWorld San Antonio San Antonio, Texas 78259, USA 7Faculty of Veterinary Science Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K J","family":"Steinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center Busch Entertainment Corporation, San Diego, California 92109, USA 2Smithsonian Institution Conservation and Research Center, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, Virginia 22630, USA 3John G. 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