{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:14:00Z","timestamp":1791285240639,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our limited understanding of the processes underlying steroid hormonal control of human endometrial receptivity is largely due to the lack of a relevant model system. To overcome scarcity of material, we have developed a model in which mouse embryos attach to human Ishikawa cells, which express functional steroid hormone receptors. Blastocysts flushed from day 4 pregnant superovulated mice were transferred to confluent Ishikawa cell monolayers. After 48\u200ah of co-culture, 85% of the blastocysts had attached loosely, but only 40% attached stably to the epithelial cell surface. In contrast, 95% of the embryos attached stably to tissue culture plastic. Thus, weak attachment of a majority of the embryos was followed by stronger adhesion of a smaller proportion. Seventeen percent of the transferred blastocysts modified the epithelial cell surface with loss of MUC1 at the attachment site, extending variably to adjacent epithelial cells. Initially, stable attachment occurred without disruption to the integrity of the epithelial monolayer, but at later stages after the embryo had spread laterally, displacement of subjacent cells was observed. A modest increase in stable attachment, but no changes to MUC1 clearance, was observed after assisted hatching. After 24\u2009h priming of Ishikawa cells by 17\u03b2-oestradiol (OE2) followed by 72-h incubation with medroxyprogesterone acetate and OE2, stable attachment increased from 40 to 70%. Initial attachment is efficient either in the presence or in the absence of hormone; steroid treatment increased the incidence of stable attachment. Implantation failure is predicted to occur in this model when embryos fail to progress from initial to stable attachment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-09-0271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]],"date-time":"2010-02-23T22:04:46Z","timestamp":1266962686000},"page":"905-914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Early stages of implantation as revealed by an\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Health Research Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre 2Faculty of Life Sciences St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Nardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Health Research Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre 2Faculty of Life Sciences St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S J","family":"Kimber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Health Research Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre 2Faculty of Life Sciences St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J D","family":"Aplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Fetal Health Research Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre 2Faculty of Life Sciences St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, 5th Floor Research, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712521872300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0920525","article-title":"Glycans as biochemical markers of human endometrial secretory differentiation","volume":"92","author":"Aplin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"2026010712521872300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(96)90050-8","article-title":"The cell biology of human implantation","volume":"17","author":"Aplin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026010712521872300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1530\/ror.0.0020084","article-title":"Adhesion molecules in implantation","volume":"2","author":"Aplin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Reviews of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712521872300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2000.0116","article-title":"The cell biological basis of human implantation","volume":"14","author":"Aplin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Baillieres Best Practice & Research. 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