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Two different ways of oocyte membrane transfer to spermatozoa have been described: trogocytosis and exosomes. We here report an analysis of in vitro exchanges between the membranes of unfertilised oocytes and capacitated spermatozoa. We showed that optimum conditions are fulfilled when unfertilised oocytes interact with acrosome-reacted spermatozoa, a scenario mimicking the events occurring when the fertilising spermatozoon is inside the perivitelline space. Although CD9 tetraspanin is an essential molecule for fertilisation, exosome and trogocytosis transfer persists in Cd9-null oocytes in spite of their dramatic fusion failure. These exchanges are CD9 tetraspanin independent. We also confirm that mice sperm express CD9 tetraspanin and that when Cd9-null oocytes were inseminated with sperm covered with oocyte membrane materials, including CD9 tetraspanin, no rescue of the oocytes' fertilisability could be obtained. Thus, the existence of two ways of exchange between gametes during fertilisation suggests that these events could be of a physiological importance in this process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-12-0040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,5]],"date-time":"2012-05-05T04:59:35Z","timestamp":1336193975000},"page":"53-66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Membrane transfer from oocyte to sperm occurs in two CD9-independent ways that do not supply the fertilising ability of\n                    <i>Cd9<\/i>\n                    -deleted oocytes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Virginie","family":"Barraud-Lange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d'Histologie Embryologie Biologie de la Reproduction, H\u00f4pital Cochin, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, 123, Boulevard Port Royal, 75013 Paris, France 2Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes Paris, France and 3Inserm U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Chalas Boissonnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d'Histologie Embryologie Biologie de la Reproduction, H\u00f4pital Cochin, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, 123, Boulevard Port Royal, 75013 Paris, France 2Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes Paris, France and 3Inserm U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Serres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d'Histologie Embryologie Biologie de la Reproduction, H\u00f4pital Cochin, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, 123, Boulevard Port Royal, 75013 Paris, France 2Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes Paris, France and 3Inserm U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d'Histologie Embryologie Biologie de la Reproduction, H\u00f4pital Cochin, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, 123, Boulevard Port Royal, 75013 Paris, France 2Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes Paris, France and 3Inserm U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d'Histologie Embryologie Biologie de la Reproduction, H\u00f4pital Cochin, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, 123, Boulevard Port Royal, 75013 Paris, France 2Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes Paris, France and 3Inserm U1016 Institut Cochin, Paris, 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