{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:43:10Z","timestamp":1792194190024,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mammalian spermatozoa are unique cells in many ways, and the acquisition of their main function, i.e. fertilization capacity, is a multistep process starting in the male gonad and ending near the female egg for the few cells reaching this point. Owing to the unique character of this cell, the molecular pathways necessary to achieve its maturation also show some specific characteristics. One of the most striking specificities of the spermatozoon is that its DNA is highly compacted after the replacement of histones by protamines, making the classical processes of transcription and translation impossible. The sperm cells are thus totally dependent on their extracellular environment for their protection against oxidative stress, for example, or for the molecular changes occurring during the transit of the epididymis; the first organ in which post-testicular maturation takes place. The molecular mechanisms underlying sperm maturation are still largely unknown, but it has been shown in the past three decades that extracellular vesicles secreted by the male reproductive tract are involved in this process. This review will examine the roles played by two types of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles, epididymosomes and prostasomes, secreted by the epididymis and the prostate respectively. We will also describe how the use of artificial vesicles, liposomes, contributed to the study of male reproductive physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-13-0058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,23]],"date-time":"2013-04-23T23:46:16Z","timestamp":1366760776000},"page":"R21-R35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":298,"title":["Epididymosomes, prostasomes, and liposomes: their roles in mammalian male reproductive physiology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Saez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics \u00a0 Gynecology and Reproduction, Universit\u00e9 Laval and Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health Research Axes, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 Boul Laurier, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada, G1V 4G2 1 \u00a0 Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Blaise Pascal, UMR GReD, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Reproduction and D\u00e9velopement, CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Aubi\u00e8re, France"},{"name":"Equipe M\u00e9canismes de l'infertilit\u00e9 Post-testiculaire \u00a0 Gynecology and Reproduction, Universit\u00e9 Laval and Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health Research Axes, Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 Boul Laurier, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada, G1V 4G2 1 \u00a0 Clermont Universit\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Blaise Pascal, UMR GReD, G\u00e9n\u00e9tique Reproduction and D\u00e9velopement, CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Aubi\u00e8re, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712255360400_bib1","article-title":"Spermatozoa recruit prostasomes in response to capacitation induction","author":"Aalberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"key":"2026010712255360400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.095760","article-title":"Identification of distinct populations of prostasomes that differentially express prostate stem cell antigen, annexin A1, and GLIPR2 in humans","volume":"86","author":"Aalberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712255360400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s002329900160","article-title":"Fusion of human sperm to prostasomes at acidic pH","volume":"155","author":"Arienti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Membrane Biology"},{"key":"2026010712255360400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(99)00169-2","article-title":"Distribution of lipid and protein in human semen fractions","volume":"289","author":"Arienti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"2026010712255360400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18331.x","article-title":"Fusion of artificial membranes with mammalian spermatozoa. 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