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BPI is an endogenous antibiotic protein that belongs to the family of mammalian lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding and lipid transport proteins. Its major function is to kill Gram-negative bacteria, thereby protecting the host from infection. In addition, BPI can inhibit angiogenesis, suppress LPS-mediated platelet activation, increase DNA synthesis, and activate ERK\/Akt signaling. In this study, we found that Bpi was expressed in the testis and epididymis but not in the seminal vesicles, prostate, and solidification glands. BPI expression in the epididymis increased upon upregulation of testosterone, caused by injection of GNRH. In orchidectomized mice, BPI expression was significantly reduced, but its expression was restored to 30% of control levels in orchidectomized mice that received supplementary testosterone. The number of sperm fused per egg significantly decreased after incubation with anti-BPI antiserum. These results suggest that BPI may take part in the process of sperm\u2013oocyte fusion and play a unique and significant role in reproduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-13-0127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]],"date-time":"2013-06-06T00:49:42Z","timestamp":1370479782000},"page":"135-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Bactericidal\/permeability-increasing protein in the reproductive system of male mice may be involved in the sperm\u2013oocyte fusion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology \u00a0 Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China 2 \u00a0 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine \u00a0 Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China 2 \u00a0 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology \u00a0 Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China 2 \u00a0 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine \u00a0 Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China 2 \u00a0 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology \u00a0 Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China 2 \u00a0 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine \u00a0 Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China 2 \u00a0 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology \u00a0 Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China 2 \u00a0 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine \u00a0 Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China 2 \u00a0 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meige","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology \u00a0 Shanghai 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