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The process is combined with rapid release of large amounts of progesterone into the bloodstream. The regulation of endothelial proliferation and permeability by LH and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is integral to this process. On the cellular level, endothelial permeability is regulated by intercellular junctions, such as adherens junctions (AJ) and tight junctions (TJ), which act as zipper-like structures between interacting endothelial cells. Several cell junctional proteins are localized to the corpus luteum, including Occludin, Nectin 2, Claudin 1, and Claudin 5, as well as, vascular endothelial (VE)-Cadherin. It has been assumed that regulation of AJ- and TJ-proteins is of particular importance for permeability, and accordingly, for the functionality of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy, because treatment with hCG induces downregulation of juntional proteins in the luteal vessels. The effect of hCG on the adhesive molecules is mediated by VE growth factor (VEGF). On a functional level, the hCG-dependent and VEGF-mediated decrease in junctional proteins causes a decrease in the density of cell\u2013cell closure and, accordingly, an increase in endothelial permeability. In doing so, the different junctional proteins are not only directly influenced by VEGF but also interact among themselves and influence each other reciprocally. Disturbances in this strictly, regulated interactions may explain the development of pathologies with increased vascular permeability, such as the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-13-0296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]],"date-time":"2014-10-09T21:39:26Z","timestamp":1412890766000},"page":"R71-R79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Regulation of endothelial permeability in the primate corpora lutea: implications for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Herr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Bekes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany 1 Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 4, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany 1 Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Wulff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712393781800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2002.tb01302.x","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and E-cadherin in human ovarian cancer: association with ascites fluid accumulation and peritoneal dissemination in mouse ascites model","volume":"93","author":"Akutagawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Cancer Research"},{"key":"2026010712393781800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/8.5.409","article-title":"The role of endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Albert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712393781800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2002.00057.x","article-title":"Extracellular matrix, junctional integrity and matrix metalloproteinase interactions in endothelial permeability regulation","volume":"200","author":"Alexander","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"2026010712393781800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.008425","article-title":"Rescue of the corpus luteum in human pregnancy","volume":"68","author":"Baird","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712393781800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2003","article-title":"Endothelial cell-to-cell junctions: molecular organization and role in vascular homeostasis","volume":"84","author":"Bazzoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"2026010712393781800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.04.001","article-title":"Computational identification of interplay between phosphorylation and O-\u03b2-glycosylation of human occludin as potential mechanism to impair hepatitis C virus entry","volume":"12","author":"Butt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"2026010712393781800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81010-7","article-title":"Targeted deficiency or cytosolic truncation of the VE-cadherin gene in mice impairs VEGF-mediated endothelial survival and angiogenesis","volume":"98","author":"Carmeliet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712393781800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06953","article-title":"A two-tiered mechanism for stabilization and immobilization of E-cadherin","volume":"453","author":"Cavey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026010712393781800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.142.3.837","article-title":"Adhesive but not lateral E-cadherin complexes require calcium and catenins for their formation","volume":"142","author":"Chitaev","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"2026010712393781800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1357","article-title":"Endothelial cell\u2013cell junctions: happy together","volume":"5","author":"Dejana","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. 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