{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T13:59:12Z","timestamp":1779199152908,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nerve growth factor (NGF), the first identified member of the family of neurotrophins, is thought to play a critical role in the initiation of the decidual response in stress-challenged pregnant mice. However, the contribution of this pathway to physiological events during the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy remains largely elusive. Using NGF depletion and supplementation strategies alternatively, in this study, we demonstrated that a successful pregnancy is sensitive to disturbances in NGF levels in mice. Treatment with NGF further boosted fetal loss rates in the high-abortion rate CBA\/J x DBA\/2J mouse model by amplifying a local inflammatory response through recruitment of NGF-expressing immune cells, increased decidual innervation with substance P+ nerve fibres and a Th1 cytokine shift. Similarly, treatment with a NGF-neutralising antibody in BALB\/c-mated CBA\/J mice, a normal-pregnancy model, also induced abortions associated with increased infiltration of tropomyosin kinase receptor A-expressing NK cells to the decidua. Importantly, in neither of the models, pregnancy loss was associated with defective ovarian function, angiogenesis or placental development. We further demonstrated that spontaneous abortion in humans is associated with up-regulated synthesis and an aberrant distribution of NGF in placental tissue. Thus, a local threshold of NGF expression seems to be necessary to ensure maternal tolerance in healthy pregnancies, but when surpassed may result in fetal rejection due to exacerbated inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-14-0112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,14]],"date-time":"2014-05-14T00:57:01Z","timestamp":1400029021000},"page":"179-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Balanced levels of nerve growth factor are required for normal pregnancy progression"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Hormonologie \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Barrientos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Hormonologie \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Tirado-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Hormonologie \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West 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Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Moschansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Hormonologie \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva M","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University 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Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Laboratoire 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of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra M","family":"Blois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Charit\u00e9 Centre 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medicine University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany 2 \u00a0 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland 3 \u00a0 Psycho-Neuro-Immunology, University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 4 \u00a0 West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Laboratoire d'Hormonologie \u00a0 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and 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