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Through a combination of direct observation of spermatozoa in utero using probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy, in vivo assessment of sperm fertility and in vitro analysis of various sperm functional parameters, this study investigated the role of seminal plasma in spermatozoa transit through the cervix of the ewe. Following deposition in the cervical os, epididymal spermatozoa previously exposed to seminal plasma displayed an enhanced ability to traverse the cervix as evidenced by both significantly higher pregnancy rates and numbers of spermatozoa observed at the utero-tubal junction when compared with epididymal spermatozoa not previously exposed to seminal plasma. The beneficial effect of seminal plasma on sperm transport was clearly localised to transit through the cervix as pregnancy rates of spermatozoa deposited directly into the uterus were unaffected by exposure to seminal plasma. This phenomenon was not explained by changes to sperm motion characteristics, as seminal plasma had no effect on the motility, kinematic parameters or mitochondrial membrane potential of spermatozoa. Rather, in vitro testing revealed that seminal plasma improved the ability of epididymal spermatozoa to penetrate cervical mucus recovered from ewes in oestrus. These results demonstrate that the survival and transport of ram spermatozoa through the cervix of the ewe is not linked to their motility or velocity but rather the presence of some cervical penetration trait conferred by exposure to seminal plasma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-14-0285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,28]],"date-time":"2014-08-28T15:07:57Z","timestamp":1409238477000},"page":"469-478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Seminal plasma aids the survival and cervical transit of epididymal ram spermatozoa"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"J P","family":"Rickard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"UMR 85 INRA \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Pini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"UMR 85 INRA \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Soleilhavoup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"UMR 85 INRA \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Cognie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"UMR 85 INRA \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Bathgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"UMR 85 INRA \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building (B19) Regimental Drive, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia 2 \u00a0 CNRS-Universit\u00e9 de Tours-Haras Nationaux, Station de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France 3 \u00a0 The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine \u00a0 The University of Sydney, RMC Gunn Building 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