{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:09:31Z","timestamp":1790762971004,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It has been hypothesized that the rise in male reproductive disorders over recent decades may at least be partially attributable to environmental factors, including chemical exposures, but observed associations with single chemicals were rather weak. The aim of this case\u2013control study was to explore the relationship between exposure to mixtures of (anti-)androgenic chemicals during pregnancy and the risk of cryptorchidism and\/or hypospadias in offspring, using the total effective xenobiotic burden of anti-androgens (TEXB-AA) as a biomarker. A subsample of 29 cases (16 of cryptorchidism, 12 of hypospadias, and one of both disorders) and 60 healthy controls was nested in a cohort of male newborns recruited between October 2000 and July 2002. The (anti-)androgenic activity of placenta samples collected at delivery was assessed using TEXB-AA biomarker, combined with a bioassay-directed fractionation protocol that separated endogenous hormones from most (anti-)androgenic chemicals by normal-phase HPLC. The bioassay measures the androgen-induced luciferase activity and the inhibition of this pathway by (anti-)androgens. First, we collected 27 HPLC fractions in each placenta extract, which were all tested in the bioassay. The multivariable statistical analyses indicated a statistically significant positive dose\u2013response association between the potent anti-androgenic activity of the HPLC fraction collected during minutes 1\u20132 (F2) and the risk of malformations (odds ratio: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.04\u20135.23). This study represents a novel approach for the estimation of combined effects of the total anti-androgenic load and the associations suggest an effect of environmental pollutants on the development of fetal reproductive tract.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Free Spanish abstract: A Spanish translation of this abstract is freely available at http:\/\/www.reproduction-online.org\/content\/149\/6\/605\/suppl\/DC1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-14-0525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]],"date-time":"2015-03-17T22:39:49Z","timestamp":1426631989000},"page":"605-613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A novel biomarker for anti-androgenic activity in placenta reveals risks of urogenital malformations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Juan P","family":"Arrebola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Institute of the Environment San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M","family":"Molina-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Institute of the Environment San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana F","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Institute of the Environment San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M","family":"S\u00e1enz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Institute of the Environment San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esperanza","family":"Amaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Institute of the Environment San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Indiveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Institute of the Environment San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Institute of the Environment San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Scholze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Institute of the Environment San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Orton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Institute of the Environment San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kortenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Institute of the Environment San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Olea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"CIBER en Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica (CIBERESP) San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Institute of the Environment San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"},{"name":"Biosciences San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain 2 Madrid, Spain 3 University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 4 Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK 5 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0272","article-title":"Cryptorchidism in common eutherian mammals","volume":"133","author":"Amann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2008.05.009","article-title":"Predictors of concentrations of hexachlorobenzene in human adipose tissue: a multivariate analysis by gender in Southern Spain","volume":"35","author":"Arrebola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2010.05.004","article-title":"Multivariate models to predict human adipose tissue PCB concentrations in Southern Spain","volume":"36","author":"Arrebola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2011.10.015","article-title":"Predictors of the total effective xenoestrogen burden (TEXB) in human adipose tissue. A pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Arrebola","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reproductive Toxicology"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2011.23","article-title":"Testicular descent: INSL3, testosterone, genes and the intrauterine milieu","volume":"8","author":"Bay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Urology"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7382","article-title":"Organochlorine pesticides and male genital anomalies in the child health and development studies","volume":"113","author":"Bhatia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15998-9","article-title":"Difference in prevalence of congenital cryptorchidism in infants between two Nordic countries","volume":"363","author":"Boisen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4041","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0302","article-title":"Hypospadias in a cohort of 1072 Danish newborn boys: prevalence and relationship to placental weight, anthropometrical measurements at birth, and reproductive hormone levels at three months of age","volume":"90","author":"Boisen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den186","article-title":"Cryptorchidism at birth in Nice area (France) is associated with higher prenatal exposure to PCBs and DDE, as assessed by colostrum concentrations","volume":"23","author":"Brucker-Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2006.01.006","article-title":"Cryptorchidism and hypospadias in the Sicilian district of Ragusa and the use of pesticides","volume":"22","author":"Carbone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reproductive Toxicology"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.04.055","article-title":"Hypospadias and halogenated organic pollutant levels in maternal mid-pregnancy serum samples","volume":"80","author":"Carmichael","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8741","article-title":"Persistent pesticides in human breast milk and cryptorchidism","volume":"114","author":"Damgaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2026010712392828200_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9351","article-title":"Human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and prenatal risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias: a nested case\u2013control study","volume":"115","author":"Fernandez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.09.075","article-title":"Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in placentas from the Spanish INMA birth cohort study","volume":"441","author":"Fernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der283","article-title":"Prenatal environmental risk factors for genital malformations in a population of 1442 French male newborns: a nested case\u2013control study","volume":"26","author":"Gaspari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2011.01241.x","article-title":"High prevalence of micropenis in 2710 male newborns from an intensive-use pesticide area of Northeastern Brazil","volume":"35","author":"Gaspari","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Andrology"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20657","article-title":"Maternal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals and hypospadias in offspring","volume":"88","author":"Giordano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2006.11.003","article-title":"Androgen resistance","volume":"20","author":"Hughes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000036167.51236.86","article-title":"Breast cancer risk and the combined effect of environmental estrogens","volume":"15","author":"Ibarluzea","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Causes & Control"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.06.004","article-title":"Analytical methodology for the profiling and characterization of androgen receptor active compounds in human placenta","volume":"47","author":"Indiveri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproductive Toxicology"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2011.01.075","article-title":"A new liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of parabens in human placental tissue samples","volume":"84","author":"Jimenez-Diaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2013.08.006","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of the UV-filters benzyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octyl salicylate, homosalate, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor and 3-benzylidene camphor in human placental tissue by LC-MS\/MS. Assessment of their in vitro endocrine activity","volume":"936","author":"Jimenez-Diaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0440","article-title":"Mind the gap: can we explain declining male reproductive health with known antiandrogens?","volume":"147","author":"Kortenkamp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2012.01268.x","article-title":"Association between chemical pattern in breast milk and congenital cryptorchidism: modelling of complex human exposures","volume":"35","author":"Krysiak-Baltyn","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Andrology"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62526","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062526","article-title":"Exposure levels of environmental endocrine disruptors in mother-newborn pairs in China and their placental transfer characteristics","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.4.313","article-title":"Maternal serum level of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene and risk of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and polythelia among male offspring","volume":"155","author":"Longnecker","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2006.09.009","article-title":"Organochlorine pesticides in placentas from Southern Spain and some related factors","volume":"28","author":"Lopez-Espinosa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9924","article-title":"Flame retardants in placenta and breast milk and cryptorchidism in newborn boys","volume":"115","author":"Main","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.10.003","article-title":"Genital anomalies in boys and the environment","volume":"24","author":"Main","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002895","article-title":"Widely used pesticides with previously unknown endocrine activity revealed as in vitro antiandrogens","volume":"119","author":"Orton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205391","article-title":"Competitive androgen receptor antagonism as a factor determining the predictability of cumulative antiandrogenic effects of widely used pesticides","volume":"120","author":"Orton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.09.008","article-title":"Mixture effects at very low doses with combinations of anti-androgenic pesticides, antioxidants, industrial pollutant and chemicals used in personal care products","volume":"278","author":"Orton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-8-37","article-title":"Urogenital abnormalities in men exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero: a cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Palmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Health"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109391","article-title":"Mixtures of four organochlorines enhance human breast cancer cell proliferation","volume":"109","author":"Payne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7243","article-title":"Maternal and paternal risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias: a case\u2013control study in newborn boys","volume":"112","author":"Pierik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.39.208.605","article-title":"The descent of the testis","volume":"39","author":"Scorer","year":"1964","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem199","article-title":"Concentrations of persistent organochlorine compounds in human milk and placenta are higher in Denmark than in Finland","volume":"23","author":"Shen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-38-1-113","article-title":"Testosterone formation and metabolism during male sexual differentiation in the human embryo","volume":"38","author":"Siiteri","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.5.972","article-title":"Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects","volume":"16","author":"Skakkebaek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8100","article-title":"Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure","volume":"113","author":"Swan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28207","article-title":"Congenital malformations and testicular germ cell tumors","volume":"133","author":"Trabert","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2011.07.030","article-title":"Determination of benzophenones in human placental tissue samples by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"85","author":"Vela-Soria","year":"2011","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34241","article-title":"Identification in rats of a programming window for reproductive tract masculinization, disruption of which leads to hypospadias and cryptorchidism","volume":"118","author":"Welsh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib44"},{"key":"2026010712392828200_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00861.x","article-title":"Diverse mechanisms of anti-androgen action: impact on male rat reproductive tract development","volume":"31","author":"Wilson","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Andrology"}],"container-title":["Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/rep\/149\/6\/605.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/149\/6\/605\/64131750\/605.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/149\/6\/605\/64131750\/605.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T17:39:36Z","timestamp":1767807576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article\/149\/6\/605\/8235996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep-14-0525","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-1626","1741-7899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-1626","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-7899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]}}}