{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T23:46:01Z","timestamp":1785714361437,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Implantation in humans and other mammals is a critical period during which high embryonic mortality rates occur. Prostaglandins (PGs) are key mediators regulating interactions between the reproductive tract and the conceptus (embryo with extraembryonic membranes). Although the significance of PGF2\u03b1 as a regulator of corpus luteum regression is well established, the role of its high amounts in the uterine lumen in most mammals, regardless of placentation type, during the implantation period remains unresolved. We hypothesized that PGF2\u03b1 acting as an embryonic signal mediator contributes to pregnancy establishment. Using a porcine model, we demonstrated that the conceptus and its signal (estradiol-17\u03b2) elevated endometrial expression of PGF2\u03b1 receptor (PTGFR) invivo and in vitro. PTGFR protein was expressed mainly in luminal epithelial (LE) and glandular epithelial cells and blood vessels in the endometrium. PGF2\u03b1 stimulated the MAPK1\/3 pathway in endometrial LE cells that coincided with elevated gene expression and secretion of endometrial vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) protein. PGF2\u03b1\u2013PTGFR and adenylyl cyclase signaling were involved in this process. PGF2\u03b1-induced VEGFA acting through its receptors stimulated proliferation of endometrial endothelial cells. Moreover, PGF2\u03b1 elevated gene expression of biglycan, matrix metalloproteinase 9, transforming growth factor \u03b23, and interleukin 1\u03b1 in the endometrium. In summary, our study indicates that PGF2\u03b1 participates in pregnancy establishment by promoting angiogenesis and expression of genes involved in tissue remodeling and conceptus\u2013maternal interactions in porcine endometrium during early pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-15-0496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]],"date-time":"2016-02-23T22:43:50Z","timestamp":1456267430000},"page":"539-552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 promotes angiogenesis and embryo\u2013maternal interactions during implantation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kaczynski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz P","family":"Kowalewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetsuisse Faculty Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Waclawik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712442575900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.07.1668","article-title":"Defective endometrial prostaglandin synthesis identified in patients with repeated implantation failure undergoing in vitro fertilization","volume":"94","author":"Achache","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712442575900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(86)90132-2","article-title":"Sparing effects of intrauterine treatment with prostaglandin E2 on luteal function in cycling gilts","volume":"32","author":"Akinlosotu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"2026010712442575900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.6.1723","article-title":"Expression and function of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors at the maternal-embryonic boundary during mouse embryo implantation","volume":"122","author":"Alexander","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026010712442575900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(77)90185-X","article-title":"Theory of maternal recognition of pregnancy in swine based on estrogen controlled endocrine versus exocrine secretion of prostaglandin F2a by the uterine endometrium","volume":"14","author":"Bazer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"2026010712442575900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.4.1106","article-title":"Expression and tissue concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor, its receptors, and localization in the bovine corpus luteum during estrous cycle and pregnancy","volume":"63","author":"Berisha","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712442575900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.2000.0120","article-title":"Molecular mediators of implantation","volume":"14","author":"Bischof","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bailli\u00e8re\u2019s Best Practice & Research. 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