{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T18:55:25Z","timestamp":1767812125613,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The micromolar calcium-activated neutral protease gene (CAPN1) is a physiological candidate gene for sperm motility. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the expression of the CAPN1 gene in bulls remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of CAPN1 in testis, epididymis, and sperm at the RNA and protein levels by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assay. Results revealed that the expression of CAPN1 levels was higher in the sperm head compared with that in other tissues. Moreover, we identified a novel single-nucleotide polymorphism (g.-1256 A&amp;gt;C, ss 1917715340) in the noncanonical core promoter of the CAPN1 gene between base g.-1306 and g.-1012. Additionally, we observed greater sperm motility in bulls with the genotype CC than in those with the genotype AA (P&amp;lt;0.01), indicating that different genotypes were associated with the bovine semen trait. Furthermore, a higher fluorescence intensity of the C allele than that of the A allele at g. -1256 A&amp;gt;C was revealed by transient transfection in MLTC-1 cells and luciferase report assay. Finally, CAPN1 was highly expressed in the spermatozoa with the CC genotype compared with that with the AA genotype by qRT-PCR. This study is the first report on genetic variant g.-1256 A&amp;gt;C in the promoter region of CAPN1 gene association with the semen quality of Chinese Holstein bulls by influencing its expression. g.-1256 A&amp;gt;C can be a functional molecular marker in cattle breeding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-15-0535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]],"date-time":"2016-04-22T23:39:09Z","timestamp":1461368349000},"page":"101-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A g.-1256 A&amp;gt;C in the promoter region of\n                    <i>CAPN1<\/i>\n                    is associated with semen quality traits in Chinese Holstein bulls"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"152","author":[{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Cattle Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"College of Life Science Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Cattle Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuge","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Cattle Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Cattle Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Cattle Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Cattle Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Cattle Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Cattle Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jifeng","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Cattle Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changfa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Cattle Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712445381400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2000.1880","article-title":"Mammalian sperm formation, contents, and function","volume":"379","author":"Abou-Haila","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics"},{"key":"2026010712445381400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr473","article-title":"Variants in the 3\u2032 untranslated region of the KCNQ1-encoded Kv7.1 potassium channel modify disease severity in patients with type 1 long QT syndrome in an allele-specific manner","volume":"33","author":"Amin","year":"2012","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"2026010712445381400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00255","article-title":"The expression of calpain 1 and calpain 2 in spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa of the mouse","volume":"129","author":"Ben-Aharon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712445381400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0196","article-title":"Transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of spermatogenesis.","volume":"365","author":"Bettegowda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 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