{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T06:29:46Z","timestamp":1776925786387,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Embryonic mortality in cows is at least in part caused by failure of pregnancy recognition (PR). Evidence has shown that bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection can disrupt pregnancy. Prostaglandins (PG) play important roles in many reproductive processes, such as implantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BVDV infection on uterine PG production and PR using an in vitro PR model. Bovine uterine endometrial cells isolated from ten BVDV-free cows were cultured and treated with 0 or 100ng\/mL interferon-\u03c4 (IFNT) in the absence or presence of non-cytopathic BVDV (ncpBVDV). PGF2\u03b1 and PGE2 concentrations in the spent medium were measured using radioimmunoassays, and in the treated cells expression of the genes associated with PG production and signalling was quantified using qPCR. The results showed that the IFNT challenge significantly stimulated PTGS1 and PTGER3 mRNA expression and PGE2 production; however, these stimulatory effects were neutralised in the presence of ncpBVDV infection. ncpBVDV infection significantly increased PTGS1 and mPGES1 mRNA expression and decreased AKR1B1 expression, leading to increased PGE2 and decreased PGF2\u03b1 concentrations and an increased PGE2:PGF2\u03b1 ratio. The other tested genes, including PGR, ESR1, OXTR, PTGS2, PTGER2 and PTGFR, were not significantly altered by IFNT, ncpBVDV or their combination. Our study suggests that BVDV infection may impair PR by (1) inhibiting the effect of IFNT on uterine PG production and (2) inducing an endocrine switch of PG production from PGF2\u03b1 to PGE2 to decrease uterine immunity, thereby predisposing the animals to uterine disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-15-0583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T22:39:06Z","timestamp":1457390346000},"page":"605-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["BVDV alters uterine prostaglandin production during pregnancy recognition in cows"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Zhangrui","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production and Population Health Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayimuguli","family":"Abudureyimu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Science and Engineering College Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chike F","family":"Oguejiofor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production and Population Health Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production and Population Health Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy Teresa","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production and Population Health Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production and Population Health Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia L","family":"Anstaett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Brownlie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D Claire","family":"Wathes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production and Population Health Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23.","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-4-23","article-title":"Pregnancy recognition signaling mechanisms in ruminants and pigs","volume":"4","author":"Bazer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S1642-431X(12)60012-6","article-title":"Interferons and progesterone for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy: interactions among novel cell signaling pathways","volume":"8","author":"Bazer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1170315","article-title":"Correlation of increased concentration of ovine endometrial cyclooxygenase 2 with the increase in PGE2 and PGD2 in the late luteal phase","volume":"117","author":"Charpigny","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1710463","article-title":"Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on uterine prostaglandin synthesis in the cow","volume":"171","author":"Cheng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2013.10.015","article-title":"Altering n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios affects prostaglandin production by ovine uterine endometrium","volume":"143","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1071\/RD9940193","article-title":"Natural and recombinant bovine interferon tau regulate basal and oxytocin-induced secretion of prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 by epithelial cells and stromal cells in the endometrium","volume":"6","author":"Danet-Desnoyers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Reproduction, Fertility, and Development"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3876","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72430-4","article-title":"Economic value of pregnancy in dairy cattle","volume":"89","author":"De Vries","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1071\/RD11914","article-title":"Embryo death in cattle: an update","volume":"24","author":"Diskin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reproduction, Fertility, and Development"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conceptus-derived prostaglandins regulate endometrial function in sheep","volume":"87","author":"Dorniak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5845","article-title":"Physiology and endocrinology symposium: biological role of interferon tau in endometrial function and conceptus elongation","volume":"91","author":"Dorniak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.090019","article-title":"Conceptus-induced changes in the endometrial transcriptome: how soon does the cow know she is pregnant?","volume":"85","author":"Forde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"2026010712443350600_bib12","first-page":"65","article-title":"A postgenomic integrated view of prostaglandins in reproduction: implications for other body systems","volume":"59","author":"Fortier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology: an Official Journal of the Polish Physiological Society"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1071\/RD11915","article-title":"The effects of endometritis on the establishment of pregnancy in cattle","volume":"24","author":"Gilbert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reproduction, Fertility, and Development"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2003.11.006","article-title":"Reproductive consequences of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus","volume":"20","author":"Grooms","year":"2004","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food animal Practice"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-1379","article-title":"Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces an endocrine switch from prostaglandin F2alpha to prostaglandin E2 in bovine endometrium","volume":"150","author":"Herath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-09-0247","article-title":"Inflammatory pathways in female reproductive health and disease","volume":"138","author":"Jabbour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.10389","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in interferon-tau production by in vivo-derived bovine embryos","volume":"67","author":"Kimura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular Reproduction and Development"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib18","first-page":"63","article-title":"Effects of interferon-tau on cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus","volume":"60","author":"Kohara","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.07.024","article-title":"Bovine viral diarrhoea: pathogenesis and diagnosis","volume":"199","author":"Lanyon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1530\/reprod\/119.2.287","article-title":"Oestradiol regulation of oxytocin receptor expression in cyclic bovine endometrium","volume":"119","author":"Leung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.811285x","article-title":"Role of ovarian progesterone and potential role of prostaglandin F2alpha and prostaglandin E2 in modulating the uterine response to infectious bacteria in postpartum ewes","volume":"81","author":"Lewis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"2026010712443350600_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731114000470","article-title":"Maternal-embryo interaction leading up to the initiation of implantation of pregnancy in cattle","volume":"8","author":"Lonergan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Animal"},{"issue":"54","key":"2026010712443350600_bib23","first-page":"317","article-title":"The regulation of interferon-tau production and uterine hormone receptors during early pregnancy","author":"Mann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.06.001","article-title":"The progesterone receptor antagonist, onapristone has differential effects on the timing and control of the luteolytic mechanism depending on timing of administration in sheep","volume":"376","author":"Mann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.2.263","article-title":"Luteolysis: a neuroendocrine-mediated event","volume":"79","author":"McCracken","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib26","first-page":"101","article-title":"Global transcriptomic profiling of bovine endometrial immune response in vitro. II. Effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus on the endometrial response to lipopolysaccharide.","volume":"93","author":"Oguejiofor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib27","first-page":"100","article-title":"Global transcriptomic profiling of bovine endometrial immune response in vitro. I. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on innate immunity.","volume":"93","author":"Oguejiofor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2013.08.005","article-title":"Detection of contaminants in cell cultures, sera and trypsin","volume":"41","author":"Pinheiro de Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(88)80109-8","article-title":"Antiviral activity of the pregnancy recognition hormone ovine trophoblast protein-1","volume":"152","author":"Pontzer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib30","first-page":"5304","article-title":"Antiproliferative activity of a pregnancy recognition hormone, ovine trophoblast protein-1","volume":"51","author":"Pontzer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-3278(95)90115-9","article-title":"The control of prostaglandin production by the endometrium in relation to luteolysis and menstruation","volume":"53","author":"Poyser","year":"1995","journal-title":"Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1977.454784x","article-title":"Antiluteolytic effect of the conceptus and of PGE2 in ewes","volume":"45","author":"Pratt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1600021","article-title":"The effect of pregnancy on the expression of uterine oxytocin, oestrogen and progesterone receptors during early pregnancy in the cow","volume":"160","author":"Robinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.59.3.1","article-title":"Membrane prostaglandin E synthase-1: a novel therapeutic target","volume":"59","author":"Samuelsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reviews"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0092","article-title":"Pregnancy and interferon tau regulate RSAD2 and IFIH1 expression in the ovine uterus","volume":"133","author":"Song","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0165","article-title":"Conceptus-derived prostaglandins regulate gene expression in the endometrium prior to pregnancy recognition in ruminants","volume":"146","author":"Spencer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-5-16","article-title":"Distinct phospholipase A2 enzymes regulate prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha production by bovine endometrial epithelial cells","volume":"5","author":"Tithof","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01321060","article-title":"Pestiviruses isolated from pigs, cattle and sheep can be allocated into at least three genogroups using polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis","volume":"136","author":"Vilcek","year":"1994","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1380479","article-title":"Localization of oestradiol, progesterone and oxytocin receptors in the uterus during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy of the ewe","volume":"138","author":"Wathes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib40","first-page":"53","article-title":"The oxytocin receptor, luteolysis and the maintenance of pregnancy.","volume":"49","author":"Wathes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1510375","article-title":"Regulation of oxytocin, oestradiol and progesterone receptor concentrations in different uterine regions by oestradiol, progesterone and oxytocin in ovariectomized ewes","volume":"151","author":"Wathes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.107.060558","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids in male and female reproduction","volume":"77","author":"Wathes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2004.11.014","article-title":"Prostaglandins and reproduction in female farm animals","volume":"171","author":"Weems","year":"2006","journal-title":"Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(94)05366-Z","article-title":"Effect of BVD virus infection on alveolar macrophage functions","volume":"46","author":"Welsh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"},{"key":"2026010712443350600_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0830527","article-title":"Modification of prostaglandin F-2 alpha synthesis and release in the ewe during the initial establishment of pregnancy","volume":"83","author":"Zarco","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Fertility"}],"container-title":["Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/rep\/151\/6\/605.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/151\/6\/605\/64133989\/605.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/151\/6\/605\/64133989\/605.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T17:45:14Z","timestamp":1767807914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article\/151\/6\/605\/8236187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep-15-0583","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-1626","1741-7899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-1626","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-7899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]}}}