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Here, we investigated whether this is also the case in mares. In an in vivo study, mares at the mid-luteal phase (days 6\u20138 of estrous cycle) were injected i.m. with cloprostenol (250 \u00b5g) and blood samples were collected at fixed intervals until 72 h after treatment. Progesterone (P4) concentrations started decreasing 45 min after the injection and continued to decrease up to 24 h (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). In turn, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2\u03b1 (PGFM) metabolite started to increase 4h after an injection and continued to increase up to 72 h (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). PGF receptor (PTGFR) mRNA expression in the endometrium was significantly higher in the late luteal phase than in the early and regressed luteal phases (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). In vitro, PGF2\u03b1 significantly stimulated (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) PGF2\u03b1 production by endometrial tissues and endometrial epithelial and stromal cells and significantly increased (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) the mRNA expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2), an enzyme involved in PGF2\u03b1 synthesis in endometrial cell. These findings strongly suggest the existence of an endometrial PGF2\u03b1 auto-amplification system in mares.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-15-0617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,23]],"date-time":"2016-02-23T22:43:50Z","timestamp":1456267430000},"page":"517-526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evidence for a PGF2\u03b1 auto-amplification system in the endometrium in mares"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Kozai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Tokuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Z","family":"Sz\u00f3stek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Reproductive Immunology Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Toishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shadai Corporation Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shadai Corporation Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Taya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shadai Corporation Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Sakatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kumamoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kumamoto, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Nambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Science Division Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido, Japan"},{"name":"Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Obihiro, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz J","family":"Skarzynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Immunology Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Okuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology Graduate 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