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From day 35 to day 110 of gestation, 32 Hu ewes carrying twin fetuses were allocated randomly into four groups: 100% of NRC-recommended nutrient requirements, 50% of NRC recommendations, 50% of NRC recommendations supplemented with 20g\/day RP-Arg, and 50% of NRC recommendations supplemented with 5g\/day NCG product. The results showed that in maternal and fetal plasma and placentomes, the activities of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase were increased (P&amp;lt;0.05); however, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the concentration of maleic dialdehyde were decreased (P&amp;lt;0.05) in both NCG- and RP-Arg-treated underfed ewes. The mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 was increased (P&amp;lt;0.05) in 50% NRC ewes than in 100% NRC ewes, and had no effect (P&amp;gt;0.05) in both NCG- and RP-Arg-treated underfed ewes. A supplement of RP-Arg and NCG reduced (P&amp;lt;0.05) the concentrations of progesterone, cortisol, and estradiol-17\u03b2; had no effect on T4\/T3; and improved (P&amp;lt;0.05) the concentrations of leptin, insulin-like growth factor 1, tri-iodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) in serum from underfed ewes. These results indicate that dietary supplementation of NCG and RP-Arg in underfed ewes could influence maternal endocrine status, improve the maternal\u2013fetal\u2013placental antioxidation capability, and promote fetal and placental development during early-to-late gestation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-16-0067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T23:09:17Z","timestamp":1458083357000},"page":"623-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["<i>N<\/i>\n                    -carbamylglutamate and L-arginine improved maternal and placental development in underfed ewes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep & Goat Industry Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep & Goat Industry Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep & Goat Industry Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingtian","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep & Goat Industry Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep & Goat Industry Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guomin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep & Goat Industry Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiewei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep & Goat Industry Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of 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