{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:30:28Z","timestamp":1791426628948,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Testicular hyperthermia is well studied to cause impaired spermatogenesis. In the present study, the protective effect of enzymatically modified (pectinase-treated) Panax ginseng (GINST) against intermittent sub-chronic heat stress-induced testicular damage in rats was investigated. Male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal control (NC), heat-stressed control (HC), heat-stressed plus GINST-100\u2009mg\/kg\/day (HG100) and heat-stressed plus GINST-200\u2009mg\/kg\/day (HG200) treatment groups. GINST (100 and 200\u2009mg\/kg\/day) was mixed separately with a regular pellet diet and was administered orally for 8 weeks starting from 1 week before heat exposure. Parameters such as organ weight, blood chemistry, sperm kinetic values, expression of antioxidant enzymes, spermatogenesis molecules and sex hormone receptors levels were measured. Data revealed that kidney and epididymis weight were significantly (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) decreased with heat stress and recovered by GINST treatment. Further, the altered levels of blood chemistry panels and sperm kinetic values in heat stress-induced rats were attenuated when GINST was administered (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of antioxidant-related enzymes (GSTM5 and GPX4), spermatogenesis-related proteins (CREB1 and INHA) and sex hormone receptors (androgen receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) were reduced by heat stress; however, GINST treatment effectively ameliorated these changes. In conclusion, GINST was effective in reducing heat-induced damage in various male fertility factors in vivo and has considerable potential to be developed as a useful supplement in improving male fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-16-0560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,20]],"date-time":"2017-04-20T20:25:43Z","timestamp":1492719943000},"page":"737-747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Pectinase-treated\n                    <i>Panax ginseng<\/i>\n                    protects heat stress-induced testicular damage in rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Min Kyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u00a0 Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science \u00a0 Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu-Min","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Chemistry \u00a0 College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seock-Yeon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science \u00a0 College of Health and Medical Science, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Un-Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science \u00a0 College of Health and Medical Science, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok Kyo","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology \u00a0 Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Women\u2019s Life Medical Science \u00a0 Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Chemistry \u00a0 College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Sik","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Chemistry \u00a0 College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of 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