{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T11:01:28Z","timestamp":1780398088073,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Levonorgestrel (LNG), a synthetic 19 nor-testosterone derivative, is widely used for emergency contraception. It is well known that LNG prevents ovulation only when given prior to the surge of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) during the periovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. This observation suggests that LNG, given its contraceptive efficacy, has additional effects other than those affecting ovulation. In this study, we have evaluated the effects on human sperm functionality of uterine flushings (UF) obtained from women at day LH\u2009+\u20091 of a control cycle (CTR-LH\u2009+\u20091) and after receiving LNG (LNG-LH\u2009+\u20091) two days before the surge of LH. Human sperm from normozoospermic donors were incubated with UF and protein tyrosine phosphorylation, sperm motility, acrosome reaction as well as zona pellucida (ZP) binding capacity were assessed. A significant decrease in total motility and tyrosine phosphorylation accompanied by an increase on spontaneous acrosome reaction was observed when sperm were incubated in the presence of LNG-LH\u2009+\u20091. None of these effects were mimicked by purified glycodelin A (GdA). Moreover, the addition of UF obtained during the periovulatory phase from LNG-treated women or the presence of purified GdA significantly decreased sperm-ZP binding. The data were compatible with changes affecting sperm capacitation, motility and interaction with the ZP. These results may offer evidence on additional mechanisms of action of LNG as an emergency contraceptive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-17-0313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T20:10:55Z","timestamp":1504901455000},"page":"607-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Uterine flushings from women treated with levonorgestrel affect sperm functionality\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"154","author":[{"given":"Mayel","family":"Chirinos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n Dr Carlos Gual Castro , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n Dr Carlos Gual Castro , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Elena","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n Dr Carlos Gual Castro , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n Dr Carlos Gual Castro , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Maldonado-Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Mexicano de Alta Tecnolog\u00eda Reproductiva (Inmater) , Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Mexicano de Alta Tecnolog\u00eda Reproductiva (Inmater) , Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Larrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda de la Reproducci\u00f3n Dr Carlos Gual Castro , Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City, 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