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Such paternal-induced DOHaD effects might originate from alterations in a possible seminal fluid microbiome (SFM) and composite metabolome. Seminal vesicles secrete a slightly basic product enriched with fructose and other carbohydrates, providing an ideal habitat for microorganisms. Past studies confirm the existence of a SFM that is influenced by genetic and nutritional status. Herein, we sought to determine whether treatment of male mice with a combination of antibiotics designed to target SFM induces metabolic alterations in seminal vesicle gland secretions (seminal fluid) and histopathological changes in testes and epididymides. Adult (10- to 12-week-old) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Swiss males (n\u2009=\u200910 per group) were treated with Clindamycin 0.06\u2009mg\/kg day, Unasyn (ampicillin\/sulbactam) 40\u2009mg\/kg day and Baytril (enrofloxacin) 50\u2009mg\/kg day designed to target the primary bacteria within the SFM or saline vehicle alone. Fourteen-day antibiotic treatment of males induced metabolomic changes in seminal vesicles with inosine, xanthine and l-glutamic acid decreased but d-fructose increased in glandular secretions. While spermatogenesis was not affected in treated males, increased number of epididymal tubules showed cribriform growth in this group (7 antibiotic-treated males: 3 saline control males; P\u2009=\u20090.01). Antibiotic-treated males showed more severe cribriform cysts. Current findings suggest antibiotic treatment of male mice results in seminal fluid metabolome and epididymal histopathological alterations. It remains to be determined whether such changes compromise male reproductive function or lead to DOHaD effects in resulting offspring.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-18-0072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T11:50:29Z","timestamp":1524570629000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Seminal fluid metabolome and epididymal changes after antibiotic treatment in mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"156","author":[{"given":"Cheryl S","family":"Rosenfeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bond Life Sciences Center , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Genetics Area Program Faculty Member , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela B","family":"Javurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences , West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah A","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bond Life Sciences Center , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology , School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhentian","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bond Life Sciences Center , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"MU Metabolomics Center , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lloyd W","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bond Life Sciences Center , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"},{"name":"MU Metabolomics Center , University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rex A","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences , College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, 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