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The endometrium is responsible for signals associated with normal reproductive cyclicity as well as maintenance of pregnancy. In the mare, functionally competent in vitro models of the endometrium have not been successful. Furthermore, the ability to study various reproductive processes in vitro may allow critical evaluation of signaling pathways involved in the reproductive diseases of animals that cannot be handled frequently, such as various wildlife species. Here we report the establishment of organoids, 3D structures, derived from fresh and frozen\u2013thawed equine endometrium (Equus ferus caballus and E. f. przewalskii). Although organoids from domestic mares responded to exogenous hormonal stimuli, organoids from Przewalski\u2019s horse failed to respond to exogenous hormones. The present study represents a \u2018first\u2019 for any large animal model or endangered species. These physiologically functional organoids may facilitate improved understanding of normal reproductive mechanisms, uterine pathologies, and signaling mechanisms between the conceptus and endometrium and may lead to the development of novel bioassays for drug discovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-20-0266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T14:28:56Z","timestamp":1598970536000},"page":"819-831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Hormone-responsive organoids from domestic mare and endangered Przewalski\u2019s horse endometrium"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Riley E","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences , University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA"},{"name":"Center for Species Survival , Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, 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