{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:03:38Z","timestamp":1790744618888,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease that affects about 10% of women of reproductive age. Patients with endometriosis suffer from long-term coexistence with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and even infertility, which severely reduces quality of life. So far, surgical removal and hormonal medication are the major treatment options; however, high recurrence and severe adverse effects hamper the therapeutic efficacy. Hypoxia is an inevitable cellular stress in many diseases that regulates the expression of a significant subset of genes involved in pathophysiological processes. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that hypoxia plays critical role in controlling the disease phenotypes of endometriosis, such as increasing adhesion ability, causing dysregulation of estrogen biosynthesis, aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines, increasing angiogenic ability, and suppression of immune functions. In this review, we summarize the findings of the most recent studies in exploring the underlying mechanisms of hypoxia involved in endometriosis. Potential therapeutic options for targeting HIF and downstream effectors will also be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-20-0267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T10:19:05Z","timestamp":1603189145000},"page":"F19-F31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["HYPOXIA AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: The role of hypoxia in the development and progression of endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"161","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2057-885X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan-Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Hsing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology , National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3569-5813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaw-Jenq","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physiology , National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.2.6348","article-title":"Estradiol amplifies interleukin-1-induced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression by ectopic endometrial cells of women with endometriosis","volume":"85","author":"Akoum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1168","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates survival, migration, and invasion of human endometriotic cells through multiple mechanisms","volume":"149","author":"Banu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.061244","article-title":"2-Methoxyestradiol inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1a and suppresses growth of lesions in a mouse model of endometriosis","volume":"172","author":"Becker","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.15.2755","article-title":"Differential gene expression during capillary morphogenesis in 3D collagen matrices: regulated expression of genes involved in basement membrane matrix assembly, cell cycle progression, cellular differentiation and G-protein signaling","volume":"114","author":"Bell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4782","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020418","article-title":"Steroid and cytokine regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in endometriosis and the establishment of experimental endometriosis in nude mice","volume":"87","author":"Bruner-Tran","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.06.029","article-title":"Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis","volume":"98","author":"Burney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2017.1374362","article-title":"Incidence, treatment and recurrence of endometriosis in a UK-based population analysis using data from the Health Improvement Network and the Hospital Episode Statistics Database","volume":"22","author":"Cea Soriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-00658-7","article-title":"Pathophysiological implications of hypoxia in human diseases","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Science"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.6.556","article-title":"Peritoneal healing and adhesion formation\/reformation","volume":"7","author":"Cheong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0449","article-title":"Suppression of autophagic activation in the mouse uterus by estrogen and progesterone","volume":"221","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.5483\/bmbrep.2017.50.8.097","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta1 enhances adhesion of endometrial cells to mesothelium by regulating integrin expression","volume":"50","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMB Reports"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8281","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00941-06","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 induces fibroblast growth factor 9 via EP3-dependent protein kinase Cdelta and Elk-1 signaling","volume":"26","author":"Chuang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090551","article-title":"Inhibition of CD36-dependent phagocytosis by prostaglandin E2 contributes to the development of endometriosis","volume":"176","author":"Chuang","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1395-6","article-title":"MiR-210-3p protects endometriotic cells from oxidative stress-induced cell cycle arrest by targeting BARD1","volume":"10","author":"Dai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death and Disease"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-019-0865-4","article-title":"Evaluation of apoptosis and angiogenesis in ectopic and eutopic stromal cells of patients with endometriosis compared to non-endometriotic controls","volume":"20","author":"Delbandi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004158","article-title":"Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis predicts an epigenetic switch for GATA factor expression in endometriosis","volume":"10","author":"Dyson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/6.1.50","article-title":"High concentrations of the vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8 in ovarian endometriomata","volume":"6","author":"Fasciani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey220","article-title":"Suppression of COUP-TFII upregulates angiogenin and promotes angiogenesis in endometriosis","volume":"33","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.10.033","article-title":"Programmed cell death in animal development and disease","volume":"147","author":"Fuchs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/s0923-2494(9980039-x","article-title":"The role of the macrophage in immune regulation","volume":"149","author":"Gordon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Research in Immunology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011636","article-title":"Programmed cell death in the reproductive system","volume":"53","author":"Gosden","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Medical Bulletin"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez019","article-title":"Estrogen receptor beta upregulates CCL2 Via NF-kappaB signaling in endometriotic stromal cells and recruits macrophages to promote the pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"34","author":"Gou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.04.012","article-title":"Estradiol is a critical mediator of macrophage-nerve cross talk in peritoneal endometriosis","volume":"185","author":"Greaves","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.12.012","article-title":"Menstrual endometrial cells from women with endometriosis demonstrate increased adherence to peritoneal cells and increased expression of CD44 splice variants","volume":"93","author":"Griffith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gap064","article-title":"Epigenetics of endometriosis","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib26","first-page":"151","article-title":"Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis","volume":"64","author":"Halme","year":"1984","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.034","article-title":"Estrogen receptor beta modulates apoptosis complexes and the inflammasome to drive the pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"163","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/2.5.307","article-title":"Detection of apoptosis in human endometriotic tissues","volume":"2","author":"Harada","year":"1996","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12451","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703451104","article-title":"Human endometriosis is associated with plasma cells and overexpression of B lymphocyte stimulator","volume":"104","author":"Hever","year":"2007","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu255","article-title":"Inhibition of dual specificity phosphatase-2 by hypoxia promotes interleukin-8-mediated angiogenesis in endometriosis","volume":"29","author":"Hsiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gav054","article-title":"Coordination of AUF1 and miR-148a destabilizes DNA methyltransferase 1 mRNA under hypoxia in endometriosis","volume":"21","author":"Hsiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12690","article-title":"Hypoxia-inhibited DUSP2 expression promotes IL-6\/STAT3 signaling in endometriosis","volume":"78","author":"Hsiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217708978","article-title":"Circular RNA \u2013 new member of noncoding RNA with novel functions","volume":"242","author":"Hsiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4295","article-title":"miRNA-199a-5p regulates VEGFA in endometrial mesenchymal stem cells and contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"232","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(1658263-6","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis","volume":"65","author":"Huang","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.12.058","article-title":"Inhibition of transcription, expression, and secretion of the vascular epithelial growth factor in human epithelial endometriotic cells by Romidepsin","volume":"95","author":"Imesch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.09.037","article-title":"Hepatocyte growth factor may be involved in cellular changes to the peritoneal mesothelium adjacent to pelvic endometriosis","volume":"81","author":"Ishimaru","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.06.024","article-title":"Demethylation of a nonpromoter cytosine-phosphate-guanine island in the aromatase gene may cause the aberrant up-regulation in endometriotic tissues","volume":"95","author":"Izawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163540","article-title":"Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity by COX-2-PGE2-pAKT axis promotes angiogenesis in endometriosis","volume":"11","author":"Jana","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3496","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.12.3496","article-title":"Apoptosis and bcl-2 expression in normal human endometrium, endometriosis and adenomyosis","volume":"13","author":"Jones","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib41","first-page":"328a","article-title":"Altered hippo signaling pathway in baboon and women with endometriosis","volume":"23","author":"Joshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der203","article-title":"Application of the histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of endometriosis: histone modifications as pathogenesis and novel therapeutic target","volume":"26","author":"Kawano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem262","article-title":"Endometrial cells from women with endometriosis have increased adhesion and proliferative capacity in response to extracellular matrix components: towards a mechanistic model for endometriosis progression","volume":"22","author":"Klemmt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex028","article-title":"Soluble VCAM-1\/soluble ICAM-1 ratio is a promising biomarker for diagnosing endometriosis","volume":"32","author":"Kuessel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.5.719","article-title":"Paracrine changes in the peritoneal environment of women with endometriosis","volume":"4","author":"Kupker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118789513","article-title":"Induction of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 by hypoxia alters cellular metabolism and inhibits apoptosis in endometriotic stromal cells","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.79.2.7519194","article-title":"Aberrant integrin expression in the endometrium of women with endometriosis","volume":"79","author":"Lessey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2014.414","article-title":"CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell differentiation mediated by endometrial stromal cell-derived TECK promotes the growth and invasion of endometriotic lesions","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Death and Disease"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bgm.2014.01.003","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced tumor malignancy and drug resistance: role of microRNAs","volume":"6","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomarkers and Genomic Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0790","article-title":"Neutrophils and macrophages promote angiogenesis in the early stage of endometriosis in a mouse model","volume":"147","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1515","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1450","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced microRNA-20a expression increases ERK phosphorylation and angiogenic gene expression in endometriotic stromal cells","volume":"97","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E427","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3717","article-title":"Suppression of COUP-TFII by proinflammatory cytokines contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"99","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4922","article-title":"Targeting hypoxia-mediated YAP1 nuclear translocation ameliorates pathogenesis of endometriosis without compromising maternal fertility","volume":"242","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-03227","article-title":"Hypoxia promotes ectopic adhesion ability of endometrial stromal cells via TGF-beta1\/Smad signaling in endometriosis","volume":"159","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.30655","article-title":"Targeting anthrax toxin receptor 2 ameliorates endometriosis progression","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/s1097-2765(0000136-2","article-title":"The combined functions of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members bak and bax are essential for normal development of multiple tissues","volume":"6","author":"Lindsten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-16-0643","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha promotes endometrial stromal cells migration and invasion by upregulating autophagy in endometriosis","volume":"153","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy128","article-title":"Autophagy contributes to hypoxia-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition of endometrial epithelial cells in endometriosis","volume":"99","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13947","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 mediates hypoxia-induced pro-survival autophagy of endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(9900292-7","article-title":"Effects of peritoneal macrophages from women with endometriosis on endometrial cellular proliferation in an in vitro coculture model","volume":"72","author":"Loh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-019-0489-1","article-title":"Aberrant DNA methylation suppresses expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) in ovarian endometrioma","volume":"12","author":"Maekawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Ovarian Research"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.1.146","article-title":"Immunolocalization of the apoptosis regulating proteins Bcl-2 and Bax in human endometrium and isolated peritoneal fluid macrophages in endometriosis","volume":"12","author":"McLaren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev100","article-title":"Estrogen promotes the survival of human secretory phase endometrial stromal cells via CXCL12\/CXCR4 up-regulation-mediated autophagy inhibition","volume":"30","author":"Mei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521.e2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.08.003","article-title":"Sorafenib inhibits growth, migration, and angiogenic potential of ectopic endometrial mesenchymal stem cells derived from patients with endometriosis","volume":"98","author":"Moggio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113497267","article-title":"Endometriosis is characterized by a distinct pattern of histone 3 and histone 4 lysine modifications","volume":"21","author":"Monteiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2448","article-title":"Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation","volume":"8","author":"Mosser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews: Immunology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-09-0196","article-title":"Association between MMP1 and MMP9 activities and ICAM1 cleavage induced by tumor necrosis factor in stromal cell cultures from eutopic endometria of women with endometriosis","volume":"138","author":"Pino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s004040050214","article-title":"Functional and phenotypic alterations in peritoneal macrophages from patients with early and advanced endometriosis","volume":"261","author":"Raiter-Tenenbaum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113488450","article-title":"The expression of histone deacetylase 1, but not other class I histone deacetylases, is significantly increased in endometriosis","volume":"20","author":"Samartzis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib70","article-title":"Metastatic or embolic endometriosis, due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue, into the venous circulation","volume":"3","author":"Sampson","year":"1927","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00238.x","article-title":"Differential expression of IGF-I and IGF-II in eutopic and ectopic endometria of women with endometriosis and in women without endometriosis","volume":"37","author":"Sbracia","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.105.045716","article-title":"Regulation of Fas ligand expression by chemokine ligand 2 in human endometrial cells","volume":"75","author":"Selam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"cm8","DOI":"10.1126\/stke.4072007cm8","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway","volume":"2007","author":"Semenza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science\u2019s Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.1.6229","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human endometrium is regulated by hypoxia","volume":"85","author":"Sharkey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev335","article-title":"The direct and indirect costs associated with endometriosis: a systematic literature review","volume":"31","author":"Soliman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1120","article-title":"Activated hippo\/yes-associated protein pathway promotes cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis in endometrial stromal cells of endometriosis","volume":"101","author":"Song","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy242","article-title":"A high level of TGF-B1 promotes endometriosis development via cell migration, adhesiveness, colonization, and invasivenessdagger","volume":"100","author":"Soni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.11.024","article-title":"Mechanisms regulating invasiveness and growth of endometriosis lesions in rat experimental model and in humans","volume":"93","author":"Sotnikova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(9190630-a","article-title":"Relationship of laparoscopic findings to self-report of pelvic pain","volume":"164","author":"Stout","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.04.001","article-title":"CD26\/DPPIV down-regulation in endometrial stromal cell migration in endometriosis","volume":"102","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp034","article-title":"The role of microRNAs in endometriosis and associated reproductive conditions","volume":"16","author":"Teague","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.7.8900","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-9 is an endometrial stromal growth factor","volume":"143","author":"Tsai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.05.018","article-title":"Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is involved in a positive feedback loop increasing aromatase expression in endometriosis","volume":"181","author":"Veillat","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/4.12.1150","article-title":"Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 mRNA and protein is enhanced in endometriosis versus endometrial stromal cells in culture","volume":"4","author":"Vigano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(9770499-x","article-title":"Bcl-2 and Fas expression in eutopic and ectopic human endometrium during the menstrual cycle in relation to endometrial cell apoptosis","volume":"176","author":"Watanabe","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5547","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030597","article-title":"Expression and mitogenic effect of fibroblast growth factor-9 in human endometriotic implant is regulated by aberrant production of estrogen","volume":"88","author":"Wing","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19937","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411865200","article-title":"The mammalian target of rapamycin-p70 ribosomal S6 kinase but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling is responsible for fibroblast growth factor-9-induced cell proliferation","volume":"280","author":"Wing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/8.5.456","article-title":"Increased leptin expression in endometriosis cells is associated with endometrial stromal cell proliferation and leptin gene-upregulation","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/8.12.1103","article-title":"Distinct mechanisms regulate cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in peritoneal macrophages of women with and without endometriosis","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(1061195-9","article-title":"Suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by prostaglandin E(2) in peritoneal macrophage is associated with severity of endometriosis","volume":"167","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1612","article-title":"Distinct regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 by interleukin-1beta in normal and endometriotic stromal cells","volume":"90","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060477","article-title":"Aberrant expression of leptin in human endometriotic stromal cells is induced by elevated levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha","volume":"170","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2009.00779.x","article-title":"Leptin on peritoneal macrophages of patients with endometriosis","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2963","article-title":"Hypoxia-inhibited dual-specificity phosphatase-2 expression in endometriotic cells regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression","volume":"225","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2012.01.010","article-title":"Estrogen receptor expression affected by hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha in stromal cells from patients with endometriosis","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det003","article-title":"Suppression of annexin A2 by prostaglandin E(2) impairs phagocytic ability of peritoneal macrophages in women with endometriosis","volume":"28","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13900","article-title":"Hypoxia: the force of endometriosis","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib98","first-page":"399","article-title":"Hypoxia responsive miR-210 promotes cell survival and autophagy of endometriotic cells in hypoxia","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.107.061804","article-title":"Promoter methylation regulates estrogen receptor 2 in human endometrium and endometriosis","volume":"77","author":"Xue","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3261","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0494","article-title":"Transcriptional activation of steroidogenic factor-1 by hypomethylation of the 5\u2019 CpG island in endometriosis","volume":"92","author":"Xue","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gaw045","article-title":"ID2 mediates the transforming growth factor-beta1-induced Warburg-like effect seen in the peritoneum of women with endometriosis","volume":"22","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712050068800_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1378838","article-title":"Autophagy pathway: cellular and molecular mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autophagy"}],"container-title":["Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/rep\/161\/1\/REP-20-0267.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/161\/1\/F19\/64062990\/rep-20-0267.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/161\/1\/F19\/64062990\/rep-20-0267.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T17:05:38Z","timestamp":1767805538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article\/161\/1\/F19\/8216760"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep-20-0267","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-1626","1741-7899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-1626","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-7899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}}}