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We investigated the induction of EMT in amnion epithelial cells (AEC) in response to inflammation and infection associated with spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). For this, membranes from SPTB were screened for EMT markers. Primary AEC in culture were treated with TNF-\u03b1 (10 and 50 ng\/mL) and LPS (50 and 100 ng\/mL) for 72 h. Cell shape index (SI) was determined based on morphological shift (microscopy followed by ImageJ software analysis). Immunocytochemistry and Western blot assessed changes in epithelial markers (cytokeratin-18 and E-cadherin) and mesenchymal markers (vimentin and N-cadherin). Involvement of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-\u03b2) in EMT induction and EMT associated inflammation was tested using specific markers (Western blot) and by measuring MMP9 (ELISA), respectively. We report that PTB is associated with fetal membrane EMT. TNF-\u03b1 produced dose- and time-dependent induction of EMT; within 24 h by 50 ng\/mL and after 72 h by 10 ng\/mL. AEC showed mesenchymal morphology, lower E-cadherin, higher vimentin and N-cadherin and higher MMP9 compared to control. TNF-\u03b1-induced EMT was not associated with canonical TGF-\u03b2 pathway. LPS, regardless of dose or time, did not induce EMT in AEC. We conclude that PTB with intact membranes is associated with EMT. Our data suggest that inflammation, but not infection, is associated with non-canonical activation of EMT and inflammation that can predispose membrane to undergo weakening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-20-0283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T12:10:09Z","timestamp":1598357409000},"page":"627-638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Inflammation, but not infection, induces EMT in human amnion epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"160","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2251-9730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"de Castro Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research , Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology , Botucatu Medical 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