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Of the genetic causes, single-gene mutations and cytogenetic alterations, such as X-chromosome aneuploidies and chromosome rearrangements, can be associated with POI. In this review, we summarize the genetic factors linked to POI and list the main candidate genes. We discuss the association of these genes with the ovarian development, the functional consequences of different mutational mechanisms and biological processes that are frequently disrupted during POI pathogenesis. Additionally, we focus on the high prevalence of X-autosome translocations involving the critical regions in Xq, known as POI1 and POI2, and discuss in depth the main hypotheses proposed to explain this association. Although the incorrect pairing of chromosomes during meiosis could lead to oocyte apoptosis, the reason for the prevalence of X-chromosome breakpoints at specific regions remains unclear. In most cases, studies on genes disrupted by balanced structural rearrangements cannot explain the ovarian failure. Thus, the position effect has emerged as a putative explanation for genetic mechanisms as translocations possibly result in changes in overall chromatin topology due to chromosome repositioning. Given the tremendous impact of POI on women\u2019s quality of life, we highlight the value of investigations in to the interplay between ovarian function and gene regulation to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to this disease, with the ultimate goal of improving patients\u2019 care and assistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-20-0338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T11:20:31Z","timestamp":1596453631000},"page":"R55-R64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Genetics of premature ovarian insufficiency and the association with X-autosome translocations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Di-Battista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Division , Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Moys\u00e9s-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Division , Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Isabel","family":"Melaragno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetics Division , Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712230075800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/7.6.603","article-title":"Turner\u2019s syndrome and fertility: current status and possible putative prospects","volume":"7","author":"Abir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Human Reproduction 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