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Testicular organoids have the potential to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate testicular morphogenesis, physiology, and pathophysiology. They could especially prove as useful tools to understand the complex mechanisms involved in the regulation of the germ cell niche in infertility cases as they offer the possibility to control and modify the nature of cell types before self-assembly and thereby opening the perspective for developing innovative methods to restore fertility. To date, there are only few studies targeted at testicular organoids\u2019 formation and even less describing the generation of organoids with both testis-specific structure and function. While researchers described interesting applications with regards to testicular tissue morphogenesis and drug toxicity, further research is needed before testicular organoids would eventually lead to the generation of fertilizing spermatozoa. This review will present the conventional systems used to induce in vitro maturation of testicular cells, describe the different approaches that have been used for the development of testicular organoids and discuss the potential applications they could have in the field of male reproductive biology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-20-0499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T13:03:22Z","timestamp":1614690202000},"page":"R103-R112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Organoids as tools to investigate the molecular mechanisms of male infertility and its treatments"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Kanbar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain , Andrology Lab, Institut de recherche clinique et exp\u00e9rimentale (IREC), Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Gynecology-Andrology department , Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain , Andrology Lab, Institut de recherche clinique et exp\u00e9rimentale (IREC), Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Wyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain , Andrology Lab, Institut de recherche clinique et exp\u00e9rimentale (IREC), Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Gynecology-Andrology department , Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712061439700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030470","article-title":"Identification of premeiotic, meiotic, and 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