{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:42:02Z","timestamp":1790811722524,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":261,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>In brief<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traditionally viewed as enigmatic and elusive, adenomyosis is a fairly common gynecological disease but is under-recognized and under-researched. This review summarizes the latest development on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of adenomyosis, which have important implications for imaging diagnosis of the disease and for the development of non-hormonal therapeutics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traditionally considered as an enigmatic disease, adenomyosis is a uterine disease that affects many women of reproductive age and is a contributing factor for pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), and subfertility. In this review, the new development in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of adenomyosis has been summarized, along with their clinical implications. After reviewing the progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis and describing the prevailing theories, in conjunction with their deficiencies, a new hypothesis, called endometrial\u2013myometrial interface disruption (EMID), which is backed by extensive epidemiologic data and demonstrated by a mouse model, is reviewed, along with recent data implicating the role of Schwann cells in the EMI area in the genesis of adenomyosis. Additionally, the natural history of adenomyotic lesions is elaborated and underscores that, in essence, adenomyotic lesions are fundamentally wounds undergoing repeated tissue injury and repair (ReTIAR), which progress to fibrosis through epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation, and smooth muscle metaplasia. Increasing lesional fibrosis propagates into the neighboring EMI and endometrium. The increased endometrial fibrosis, with ensuing greater tissue stiffness, results in attenuated prostaglandin E2, hypoxia signaling and glycolysis, impairing endometrial repair and causing HMB. Compared with adenomyosis-associated HMB, the mechanisms underlying adenomyosis-associated pain are less understood but presumably involve increased uterine contractility, hyperinnervation, increased lesional production of pain mediators, and central sensitization. Viewed through the prism of ReTIAR, a new imaging technique can be used to diagnose adenomyosis more accurately and informatively and possibly help to choose the best treatment modality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-22-0224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T13:42:33Z","timestamp":1663076553000},"page":"R101-R121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Cracking the enigma of adenomyosis: an update on its pathogenesis and pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8511-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun-Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Fudan University, Shanghai, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases , Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.07.049","article-title":"Schwann cell precursors from nerve innervation are a cellular origin of melanocytes in skin","volume":"139","author":"Adameyko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00226501","article-title":"Co-existence and origin of peptidergic and adrenergic nerves in the guinea pig uterus. Retrograde tracing and immunocytochemistry, effects of chemical sympathectomy, capsaicin treatment and pregnancy","volume":"254","author":"Alm","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell and Tissue Research"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2020.02.011","article-title":"Perisynaptic Schwann cells \u2013 the multitasking cells at the developing neuromuscular junctions","volume":"104","author":"Alvarez-Suarez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0174","article-title":"Different macrophages equally induce EMT in endometria of adenomyosis and normal","volume":"154","author":"An","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.116.144071","article-title":"Interaction of macrophages and endometrial cells induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like processes in adenomyosis","volume":"96","author":"An","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13632","article-title":"Vaginal bromocriptine improves pain, menstrual bleeding and quality of life in women with adenomyosis: a pilot study","volume":"98","author":"Andersson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.08.040","article-title":"Vaginal bromocriptine for treatment of adenomyosis: impact on magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal ultrasound","volume":"254","author":"Andersson","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614814","article-title":"Cancer-associated mutations in endometriosis without cancer","volume":"376","author":"Anglesio","year":"2017","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1348-6","article-title":"The expression and cellular localisation of neurotrophin and neural guidance molecules in peritoneal ectopic lesions","volume":"56","author":"Asally","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Neurobiology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.01.032","article-title":"Changes in regional gray matter volume in women with chronic pelvic pain: a voxel-based morphometry study","volume":"153","author":"As-Sanie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.09.008","article-title":"Functional connectivity is associated with altered brain chemistry in women with endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain","volume":"17","author":"As-Sanie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081011","article-title":"Macrophages are alternatively activated in patients with endometriosis and required for growth and vascularization of lesions in a mouse model of disease","volume":"175","author":"Bacci","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1220275","article-title":"Immunohistochemical study of the distribution of adrenergic and peptidergic innervation in the equine uterus and the cervix","volume":"122","author":"Bae","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1483","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 induces FOXP3 gene expression and T regulatory cell function in human CD4+ T cells","volume":"175","author":"Baratelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.10.023","article-title":"Overexpression of nerve growth factor in peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis may promote neurite outgrowth in endometriotic lesions","volume":"95","author":"Barcena de Arellano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9757-x","article-title":"Neurotrophin expression is not affected in uteri of women with adenomyosis","volume":"47","author":"Barcena de Arellano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.03.003","article-title":"Evidence of neurotrophic events due to peritoneal endometriotic lesions","volume":"62","author":"Barcena de Arellano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.05.013","article-title":"Remodeling of estrogen-dependent sympathetic nerve fibers seems to be disturbed in adenomyosis","volume":"100","author":"Barcena de Arellano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.01.024","article-title":"Role of transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of uterine adenomyosis","volume":"109","author":"Bazot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2006.01.007","article-title":"History of adenomyosis","volume":"20","author":"Benagiano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Practice and Research: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.06.044","article-title":"The pathophysiology of uterine adenomyosis: an update","volume":"98","author":"Benagiano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000054276","article-title":"Suppression of NK cell activity and of resistance to metastasis by stress: a role for adrenal catecholamines and beta-adrenoceptors","volume":"8","author":"Ben-Eliyahu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4255","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3481-16.2017","article-title":"STAT3 controls the long-term survival and phenotype of repair Schwann cells during nerve regeneration","volume":"37","author":"Benito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(7290781-8","article-title":"The elusive adenomyosis of the uterus \u2013 revisited","volume":"112","author":"Bird","year":"1972","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/392971","article-title":"Nerve injury-induced c-Jun activation in Schwann cells is JNK independent","volume":"2014","author":"Blom","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa307","article-title":"Adenomyosis of the inner and outer myometrium are associated with different clinical profiles","volume":"36","author":"Bourdon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(9770482-4","article-title":"Endometriosis \u2013 a disease because it is characterized by bleeding","volume":"176","author":"Brosens","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep474","article-title":"The enigmatic uterine junctional zone: the missing link between reproductive disorders and major obstetrical disorders?","volume":"25","author":"Brosens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00242","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"40","author":"Bulun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmab017","article-title":"Adenomyosis pathogenesis: insights from next-generation sequencing","volume":"27","author":"Bulun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.05.040","article-title":"Popularity of endocrine endometriosis drugs and limited alternatives in the present and foreseeable future: a survey among 1420 affected women","volume":"262","author":"Burla","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118773490","article-title":"The possible role of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit e (eIF3e) in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in adenomyosis","volume":"26","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2981","article-title":"Regulation of cancer cell metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Cairns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews: Cancer"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox7080098","article-title":"Targeting oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of impaired wound healing: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Cano Sanchez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"In press","DOI":"10.1097\/RD9.0000000000000012","article-title":"Neonatal feeding of an estrogen receptor \u03b2 (ER\u03b2) agonist induces external adenomyosis-like lesions in ICR mouse","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reproductive and Developmental Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.09.003","article-title":"Schwann cells as drivers of tissue repair and regeneration","volume":"47","author":"Carr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116657192","article-title":"Expression of inflammatory and neurogenic mediators in adenomyosis","volume":"24","author":"Carrarelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex088","article-title":"Relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of adenomyosis and endometriosis phenotypes","volume":"32","author":"Chapron","year":"2017","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz049","article-title":"Diagnosing adenomyosis: an integrated clinical and imaging approach","volume":"26","author":"Chapron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2761","article-title":"Oestrogen-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of endometrial epithelial cells contributes to the development of adenomyosis","volume":"222","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113518984","article-title":"Possible loss of GABAergic inhibition in mice with induced adenomyosis and treatment with epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates the loss with improved hyperalgesia","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3109\/08977194.2010.511619","article-title":"Effects of LNG-IUS on nerve growth factor and its receptors expression in patients with adenomyosis","volume":"28","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2015.58.2.150","article-title":"Innervation in women with uterine myoma and adenomyosis","volume":"58","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Science"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.008","article-title":"The wound microenvironment reprograms Schwann cells to invasive mesenchymal-like cells to drive peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"96","author":"Clements","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1719016","article-title":"Current and future medical therapies for adenomyosis","volume":"38","author":"Cope","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seminars in Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184302","article-title":"Anti-fibrotic effects of valproic acid in experimental peritoneal fibrosis","volume":"12","author":"Costalonga","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.01.011","article-title":"Endometrial stem\/progenitor cells and their role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"50","author":"Cousins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Practice and Research: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.1.5380","article-title":"Role of inflammatory mediators in human endometrium during progesterone withdrawal and early pregnancy","volume":"84","author":"Critchley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1153","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression in human endometrium and its regulation by prostaglandin E-series prostanoid receptor 2 (EP2)","volume":"147","author":"Critchley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2019","article-title":"Physiology of the endometrium and regulation of menstruation","volume":"100","author":"Critchley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.4103\/EUS-D-21-00151","article-title":"Ultrasound elastography","volume":"11","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopic Ultrasound"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309784","article-title":"Activated Schwann cells in pancreatic cancer are linked to analgesia via suppression of spinal astroglia and microglia","volume":"65","author":"Demir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00741-w","article-title":"Prolactin is expressed in uterine leiomyomas and promotes signaling and fibrosis in myometrial cells","volume":"29","author":"DiMauro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118799195","article-title":"Further evidence for hypercoagulability in women with ovarian endometriomas","volume":"25","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118817661","article-title":"Scutellarin suppresses platelet aggregation and stalls lesional progression in mouse with induced endometriosis","volume":"26","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-019-00108-2","article-title":"Diagnosing deep endometriosis using transvaginal elastosonography","volume":"27","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.12.018","article-title":"What if deep endometriotic nodules and uterine adenomyosis were actually two forms of the same disease?","volume":"111","author":"Donnez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18199941","article-title":"Uterine adenomyosis: from disease pathogenesis to a new medical approach using GnRH antagonists","volume":"18","author":"Donnez","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.05.017","article-title":"The M2a macrophage subset may be critically involved in the fibrogenesis of endometriosis in mice","volume":"37","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253281","article-title":"Neurodevelopment. Parasympathetic neurons originate from nerve-associated peripheral glial progenitors","volume":"345","author":"Dyachuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib62","first-page":"374","article-title":"Modulatory effects of glucocorticoids and catecholamines on human interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 production: clinical implications","volume":"108","author":"Elenkov","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Association of American Physicians"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1253286","article-title":"Neurodevelopment. Parasympathetic ganglia derive from Schwann cell precursors","volume":"345","author":"Espinosa-Medina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2006.01.012","article-title":"Medical and surgical management of adenomyosis","volume":"20","author":"Farquhar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Practice and Research: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/4.4.312","article-title":"Pathophysiology of adenomyosis","volume":"4","author":"Ferenczy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4561","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01227","article-title":"Progesterone receptor status predicts response to progestin therapy in endometriosis","volume":"103","author":"Flores","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(9592474-4","article-title":"Invasiveness of endometriotic cells in vitro","volume":"346","author":"Gaetje","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.12.030","article-title":"Pathogenesis of uterine adenomyosis: invagination or metaplasia?","volume":"109","author":"Garcia-Solares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dml045","article-title":"Uterine stem cells: what is the evidence?","volume":"13","author":"Gargett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318211d7b5","article-title":"Improving postoperative immune status and resistance to cancer metastasis: a combined perioperative approach of immunostimulation and prevention of excessive surgical stress responses","volume":"253","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Surgery"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/s1472-6483(1060201-5","article-title":"Uterine adenomyosis: a need for uniform terminology and consensus classification","volume":"17","author":"Gordts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.01.006","article-title":"Symptoms and classification of uterine adenomyosis, including the place of hysteroscopy in diagnosis","volume":"109","author":"Gordts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/PGP.0b013e318182c2be","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), and microvessel density in endometrial tissue in women with adenomyosis","volume":"28","author":"Goteri","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecological Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4015","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1086","article-title":"Estrogen receptor (ER) agonists differentially regulate neuroangiogenesis in peritoneal endometriosis via the repellent factor SLIT3","volume":"155","author":"Greaves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.04.012","article-title":"Estradiol is a critical mediator of macrophage-nerve cross talk in peritoneal endometriosis","volume":"185","author":"Greaves","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0300001","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of oestradiol, tamoxifen and raloxifene on nerve growth factor-alpha expression in specific neonatal mouse uterine cell types using laser capture microdissection","volume":"30","author":"Green","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183.e4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.08.050","article-title":"An overview of the current status of clinical trials on endometriosis: issues and concerns","volume":"101","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12221","article-title":"Cancer driver mutations in endometriosis: variations on the major theme of fibrogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey015","article-title":"Fibrogenesis resulting from cyclic bleeding: the Holy Grail of the natural history of ectopic endometrium","volume":"33","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmz047","article-title":"Cancer-associated mutations in endometriosis: shedding light on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology","volume":"26","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020485","article-title":"The pathogenesis of adenomyosis vis-a-vis endometriosis","volume":"9","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318291f299","article-title":"Lack of transparency of clinical trials on endometriosis","volume":"121","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy020","article-title":"Is it time for a paradigm shift in drug research and development in endometriosis\/adenomyosis?","volume":"24","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.08.038","article-title":"Dysmenorrhea and its severity are associated with increased uterine contractility and overexpression of oxytocin receptor (OTR) in women with symptomatic adenomyosis","volume":"99","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2016.11.012","article-title":"Social psychogenic stress promotes the development of endometriosis in mouse","volume":"34","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00692-y","article-title":"Hypoxia and its possible relationship with endometrial receptivity in adenomyosis: a preliminary study","volume":"19","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.01.017","article-title":"Exploring the challenges for a new classification of adenomyosis","volume":"40","author":"Habiba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3109\/00016346609158455","article-title":"Menstrual blood loss \u2013 a population study. Variation at different ages and attempts to define normality","volume":"45","author":"Hallberg","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.05096","article-title":"MiR-217 mediates the protective effects of the dopamine D2 receptor on fibrosis in human renal proximal tubule cells","volume":"65","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.07.023","article-title":"Adenomyosis in mice resulting from mechanically or thermally induced endometrial-myometrial interface disruption and its possible prevention","volume":"41","author":"Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79750-9","article-title":"Reduced vagal tone in women with endometriosis and auricular vagus nerve stimulation as a potential therapeutic approach","volume":"11","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-00955-w","article-title":"Activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor retards the development of endometriosis","volume":"20","author":"Hao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000346","article-title":"The impact of adenomyosis on women\u2019s fertility","volume":"71","author":"Harada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600309","article-title":"The Ras\/Raf\/ERK signalling pathway drives Schwann cell dedifferentiation","volume":"23","author":"Harrisingh","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO Journal"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719110381927","article-title":"Generalized hyperalgesia in women with endometriosis and its resolution following a successful surgery","volume":"17","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2016-1092","article-title":"High-fat diet promotion of endometriosis in an immunocompetent mouse model is associated with altered peripheral and ectopic lesion redox and inflammatory status","volume":"157","author":"Heard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-2115(9800224-3","article-title":"Clinical associations with objective menstrual blood volume","volume":"82","author":"Higham","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.retram.2016.09.003","article-title":"The role of myofibroblasts in wound healing","volume":"64","author":"Hinz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Current Research in Translational Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqac044","article-title":"Constant activation of STAT3 contributes to the development of adenomyosis in females","volume":"163","author":"Hiraoka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L405","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00232.2006","article-title":"Prostaglandin E(2) inhibits collagen expression and proliferation in patient-derived normal lung fibroblasts via E prostanoid 2 receptor and cAMP signaling","volume":"292","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4317","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-128801","article-title":"Prostaglandin E(2) induces fibroblast apoptosis by modulating multiple survival pathways","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.11976","article-title":"Estrogen 17betaestradiol accelerates the proliferation of uterine junctional zone smooth muscle cells via the let7a\/Lin28B axis in adenomyosis","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00753-w","article-title":"Upregulated microRNA let-7a accelerates apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in uterine junctional zone smooth muscle cells in adenomyosis under conditions of a normal activated hippo-YAP1 axis","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12442","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12442","article-title":"How does the extent of fibrosis in adenomyosis lesions contribute to heavy menstrual bleeding?","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12423","article-title":"Higher fibrotic content of endometriotic lesions is associated with diminished prostaglandin E2 signaling","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reproductive Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00813-x","article-title":"Tetramethylpyrazine retards the progression and fibrogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-009-0624-6","article-title":"Role of GPR30 in the mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer MCF-7 cells","volume":"123","author":"Ignatov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Research and Treatment"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13708-y","article-title":"Uterine adenomyosis is an oligoclonal disorder associated with KRAS mutations","volume":"10","author":"Inoue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270874","article-title":"The repair Schwann cell and its function in regenerating nerves","volume":"594","author":"Jessen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020487","article-title":"Schwann cells: development and role in nerve repair","volume":"7","author":"Jessen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02569","article-title":"Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor increase inflammation and fibrosis in human renal proximal tubule cells","volume":"63","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719110377118","article-title":"Promoter hypermethylation of progesterone receptor isoform B (PR-B) in adenomyosis and its rectification by a histone deacetylase inhibitor and a demethylation agent","volume":"17","author":"Jichan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"2026010712073344900_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S269","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706399","article-title":"Tamoxifen (ICI46,474) as a targeted therapy to treat and prevent breast cancer","volume":"147","author":"Jordan","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5599","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.01429","article-title":"Neural crest stem cells undergo multilineage differentiation in developing peripheral nerves to generate endoneurial fibroblasts in addition to Schwann cells","volume":"131","author":"Joseph","year":"2004","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00006","article-title":"Schwann cell precursors generate the majority of chromaffin cells in Zuckerkandl organ and some sympathetic neurons in paraganglia","volume":"12","author":"Kastriti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13536","article-title":"Glial origin of mesenchymal stem cells in a tooth model system","volume":"513","author":"Kaukua","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.124891","article-title":"Involvement of hepatocyte growth factor-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human adenomyosis","volume":"92","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2019.03.210","article-title":"Biological differences between intrinsic and extrinsic adenomyosis with coexisting deep infiltrating endometriosis","volume":"39","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11144057","article-title":"Pathogenesis of human adenomyosis: current understanding and its association with infertility","volume":"11","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc7914","article-title":"Early down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory potential of monocytes is correlated to organ dysfunction in patients after severe multiple injury: a cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Kirchhoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Critical Care"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.06.027","article-title":"Four subtypes of adenomyosis assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and their specification","volume":"207","author":"Kishi","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254147","article-title":"Clinicopathological features of different subtypes in adenomyosis: focus on early lesions","volume":"16","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1959.tb44589.x","article-title":"Innervation of the human uterus","volume":"75","author":"Krantz","year":"1959","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib124","author":"Kuang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13527","article-title":"Valproic acid selectively increases vascular endothelial tissue-type plasminogen activator production and reduces thrombus formation in the mouse","volume":"14","author":"Larsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200007000-00005","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injury and repair","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib127","first-page":"791","article-title":"Comparative study of nerve fiber density between adenomyosis patients with moderate to severe pain and mild pain","volume":"97","author":"Lertvikool","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029-7844(9900659-6","article-title":"Adenomyosis: symptoms, histology, and pregnancy terminations","volume":"95","author":"Levgur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193494","article-title":"The control of the metabolic switch in cancers by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes","volume":"330","author":"Levine","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1515\/HMBCI.2011.002","article-title":"A new concept of endometriosis and adenomyosis: tissue injury and repair (TIAR)","volume":"5","author":"Leyendecker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-1191-0","article-title":"The pathophysiology of endometriosis and adenomyosis: tissue injury and repair","volume":"280","author":"Leyendecker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3437-8","article-title":"Adenomyosis and endometriosis. Re-visiting their association and further insights into the mechanisms of auto-traumatisation. An MRI study","volume":"291","author":"Leyendecker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"In press","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-022-06597-y","article-title":"Archimetrosis: the evolution of a disease and its extant presentation: pathogenesis and pathophysiology of archimetrosis (uterine adenomyosis and endometriosis","author":"Leyendecker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-9-30","article-title":"Accumulation of nerve growth factor and its receptors in the uterus and dorsal root ganglia in a mouse model of adenomyosis","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.04.028","article-title":"Constitutive and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in adenomyosis and its inhibition by andrographolide","volume":"100","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719114561559","article-title":"Human adenomyosis endometrium stromal cells secreting more nerve growth factor: impact and effect","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.009","article-title":"A pilot study on the off-label use of valproic acid to treat adenomyosis","volume":"89","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2011.01655.x","article-title":"Valproic acid alleviates generalized hyperalgesia in mice with induced adenomyosis","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000337718","article-title":"Aberrant immunoreactivity of deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferases in adenomyosis","volume":"74","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201004082","article-title":"Feedback amplification of fibrosis through matrix stiffening and COX-2 suppression","volume":"190","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719110373807","article-title":"Valproic acid as a therapy for adenomyosis: a comparative case series","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq311","article-title":"Elevated immunoreactivity to tissue factor and its association with dysmenorrhea severity and the amount of menses in adenomyosis","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000336409","article-title":"Elevated immunoreactivity against class I histone deacetylases in adenomyosis","volume":"74","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gmit.2014.12.002","article-title":"A pilot study on the use of andrographolide to treat symptomatic adenomyosis","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecology and Minimally Invasive Therapy"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116632921","article-title":"Surgical history and the risk of endometriosis: a hospital-based case-control study","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew018","article-title":"Corroborating evidence for platelet-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in the development of adenomyosis","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719117750752","article-title":"Transvaginal elastosonography as an imaging technique for diagnosing adenomyosis","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719117718275","article-title":"Histological and immunohistochemical characterization of the similarity and difference between ovarian endometriomas and deep infiltrating endometriosis","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey392","article-title":"Sensory nerve-derived neuropeptides accelerate the development and fibrogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16178","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203145","article-title":"GPR30-mediated HMGB1 upregulation in CAFs induces autophagy and tamoxifen resistance in ERalpha-positive breast cancer cells","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.02.055","article-title":"Surgery accelerates the development of endometriosis in mice","volume":"215","author":"Long","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew237","article-title":"Chronic stress accelerates the development of endometriosis in mouse through adrenergic receptor beta2","volume":"31","author":"Long","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00600-4","article-title":"Early maternal separation accelerates the progression of endometriosis in adult mice","volume":"18","author":"Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-011-0800-0","article-title":"A novel role of andrographolide, an NF-kappa B inhibitor, on inhibition of platelet activation: the pivotal mechanisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase\/cyclic GMP","volume":"89","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.04.006","article-title":"Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate restrains fibrogenesis through induction of senescence in mice with induced deep endometriosis","volume":"41","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10225335","article-title":"What we know about the long-term risks of hysterectomy for benign indication \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Madueke-Laveaux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1991.tb33114.x","article-title":"Substance P and the inflammatory and immune response","volume":"632","author":"Mantyh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719111404610","article-title":"The retardation of myometrial infiltration, reduction of uterine contractility, and alleviation of generalized hyperalgesia in mice with induced adenomyosis by levo-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) and andrographolide","volume":"18","author":"Mao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib159","article-title":"Decreased glycolysis at menstruation delays endometrial repair and is associated with increased menstrual blood loss","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2018.02.002","article-title":"Anterior focal adenomyosis and bladder deep infiltrating endometriosis: is there a link?","volume":"25","author":"Marcellin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.05.003","article-title":"Focal adenomyosis of the outer myometrium and deep infiltrating endometriosis severity","volume":"114","author":"Marcellin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21006","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography: a review","volume":"23","author":"Mariappan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical Anatomy"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.11.070","article-title":"Novel roles for hypoxia and prostaglandin E2 in the regulation of IL-8 during endometrial repair","volume":"178","author":"Maybin","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02375-6","article-title":"Hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha are required for normal endometrial repair during menstruation","volume":"9","author":"Maybin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.01.097","article-title":"Uterine adenomyosis is associated with ultrastructural features of altered contractility in the inner myometrium","volume":"93","author":"Mehasseb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00809","article-title":"Novel glial cell functions: extensive potency, stem cell-like properties, and participation in regeneration and transdifferentiation","volume":"8","author":"Milichko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3581","article-title":"GPR30 as an initiator of tamoxifen resistance in hormone-dependent breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Mo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Research"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-2441","article-title":"Dopamine blocks stress-mediated ovarian carcinoma growth","volume":"17","author":"Moreno-Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Cancer Research"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.121412","article-title":"Biologic effects of dopamine on tumor vasculature in ovarian carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Moreno-Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.11.011","article-title":"FIGO classification system (PALM-COEIN) for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age","volume":"113","author":"Munro","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib171","article-title":"NICE guideline (NG88): heavy menstrual bleeding: assessment and management","author":"(NICE), NIfHaCE","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.12659\/msm.900233","article-title":"Leonurine attenuates hyperalgesia in mice with induced adenomyosis","volume":"23","author":"Nie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5370","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7238","article-title":"Quercetin alleviates generalized hyperalgesia in mice with induced adenomyosis","volume":"16","author":"Nie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.11.035","article-title":"Immunoreactivity of oxytocin receptor and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 and its correlation with dysmenorrhea in adenomyosis","volume":"202","author":"Nie","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00615","article-title":"Scutellarin enhances antitumor effects and attenuates the toxicity of bleomycin in H22 ascites tumor-bearing mice","volume":"9","author":"Nie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.04.016","article-title":"Identification of lesional correlates with dysmenorrhea and serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in women with ovarian endometriomas","volume":"118","author":"Nie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03516-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of Schwann cell plasticity involved in peripheral nerve repair after injury","volume":"77","author":"Nocera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.09.010","article-title":"Dairy consumption during adolescence and endometriosis risk","volume":"222","author":"Nodler","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4877","article-title":"MRI characteristics of the uterine junctional zone: from normal to the diagnosis of adenomyosis","volume":"196","author":"Novellas","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Roentgenology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4224","article-title":"beta-Catenin activation contributes to the pathogenesis of adenomyosis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"231","author":"Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5470","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.72317","article-title":"Dedifferentiated Schwann cell-derived TGF-beta3 is essential for the neural system to promote wound healing","volume":"12","author":"Ou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/12.6.1275","article-title":"Risk factors for adenomyosis","volume":"12","author":"Parazzini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01488-2","article-title":"Injury-activated glial cells promote wound healing of the adult skin in mice","volume":"9","author":"Parfejevs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(1061733-6","article-title":"Adenomyosis \u2013 a result of disordered stromal differentiation","volume":"159","author":"Parrott","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17151","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.558130","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 inhibits alpha-smooth muscle actin transcription during myofibroblast differentiation via distinct mechanisms of modulation of serum response factor and myocardin-related transcription factor-A","volume":"289","author":"Penke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0084-2","article-title":"Aberrant expression of Notch1\/numb\/snail signaling, an epithelial mesenchymal transition related pathway, in adenomyosis","volume":"13","author":"Qi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-57997-6","article-title":"Platelets induce increased estrogen production through NF-kappaB and TGF-beta1 signaling pathways in endometriotic stromal cells","volume":"10","author":"Qi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610701405697","article-title":"Uterine innervation in fibroids: a qualitative study","volume":"27","author":"Quinn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001939","article-title":"The revised International Association for the study of pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises","volume":"161","author":"Raja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00907","article-title":"Tamoxifen-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells via GPR30\/PI3K\/MAPKs interactions: verification by ODE modeling and RNA sequencing","volume":"9","author":"Rouhimoghadam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.041","article-title":"Endometriosis: etiology, pathobiology, and therapeutic prospects","volume":"184","author":"Saunders","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ctdb.2014.11.021","article-title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions: from cell plasticity to concept elasticity","volume":"112","author":"Savagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current Topics in Developmental Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3664","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67230","article-title":"HIF-1 mediates metabolic responses to intratumoral hypoxia and oncogenic mutations","volume":"123","author":"Semenza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5211","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0141","article-title":"Tumor cyclooxygenase-2\/prostaglandin E2-dependent promotion of FOXP3 expression and CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cell activities in lung cancer","volume":"65","author":"Sharma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.031187","article-title":"Wound repair at a glance","volume":"122","author":"Shaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev314","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta1 signaling coincides with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in the development of adenomyosis in mice","volume":"31","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.03.009","article-title":"WFUMB guidelines and recommendations for clinical use of ultrasound elastography: part 1: basic principles and terminology","volume":"41","author":"Shiina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(8692083-0","article-title":"Epithelial metaplasia and the second anatomy","volume":"2","author":"Slack","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/s0959-437x(0000236-7","article-title":"Transdifferentiation and metaplasia \u2013 switching cell types","volume":"11","author":"Slack","year":"2001","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Genetics and Development"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1411029","article-title":"Clinical practice. Uterine fibroids","volume":"372","author":"Stewart","year":"2015","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23643","article-title":"Schwann cell plasticity-roles in tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and disease","volume":"67","author":"Stierli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.1.361","article-title":"Specific inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 restores antitumor reactivity by altering the balance of IL-10 and IL-12 synthesis","volume":"164","author":"Stolina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10214878","article-title":"Conservative management of uterine adenomyosis: medical vs. surgical approach","volume":"10","author":"Stratopoulou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00361-w","article-title":"Origin and pathogenic mechanisms of uterine adenomyosis: what is known so far","volume":"28","author":"Stratopoulou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719115589410","article-title":"Activation of the MAPK\/ERK cell-signaling pathway in uterine smooth muscle cells of women with adenomyosis","volume":"22","author":"Streuli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4338","article-title":"In vivo conversion of astrocytes to neurons in the injured adult spinal cord","volume":"5","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.50.215","article-title":"Withdrawal of ovarian steroids stimulates prostaglandin F2alpha production through nuclear factor-kappaB activation via oxygen radicals in human endometrial stromal cells: potential relevance to menstruation","volume":"50","author":"Sugino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Development"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy212","article-title":"Eutopic stromal cells of endometriosis promote neuroangiogenesis via exosome pathwaydagger","volume":"100","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1058667","article-title":"Schwann cells in the tumor microenvironment: need more attention","volume":"2022","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Oncology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.06.049","article-title":"Understanding adenomyosis: a case control study","volume":"94","author":"Taran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5478","article-title":"Histological 3D reconstruction and in vivo lineage tracing of the human endometrium","volume":"251","author":"Tempest","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc-2020-0124-gee","article-title":"The revised IASP definition of pain and accompanying notes: considerations for the physiotherapy profession","volume":"73","author":"Vader","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Canada: Physiotherapie Canada"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160809","article-title":"Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation","volume":"324","author":"Vander Heiden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17242.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding and managing adenomyosis","volume":"8","author":"Vannuccini","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.06.016","article-title":"Pathogenesis of adenomyosis: an update on molecular mechanisms","volume":"35","author":"Vannuccini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.01.013","article-title":"Role of medical therapy in the management of uterine adenomyosis","volume":"109","author":"Vannuccini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del339","article-title":"Association between endometriosis stage, lesion type, patient characteristics and severity of pelvic pain symptoms: a multivariate analysis of over 1000 patients","volume":"22","author":"Vercellini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu041","article-title":"Uterine adenomyosis and in vitro fertilization outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Vercellini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex354","article-title":"Time to redefine endometriosis including its pro-fibrotic nature","volume":"33","author":"Vigano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138949","article-title":"Regulation of glycolysis and the Warburg effect in wound healing","volume":"5","author":"Vinaik","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/den464","article-title":"Rich innervation of deep infiltrating endometriosis","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2009.07.012","article-title":"Hyperinnervation in intestinal deep infiltrating endometriosis","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.09.038","article-title":"The p53 pathway controls SOX2-mediated reprogramming in the adult mouse spinal cord","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00690-0","article-title":"The cannabinoid receptor CB1 affects the proliferation and apoptosis of adenomyotic human uterine smooth muscle cells of the junctional zone: a mechanism study","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00444-8","article-title":"Talin1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition to facilitate endometrial cell migration and invasion in adenomyosis under the regulation of microRNA-145-5p","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00756-7","article-title":"Upregulated Talin1 synergistically boosts beta-estradiol-induced proliferation and pro-angiogenesis of eutopic and ectopic endometrial stromal cells in adenomyosis","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.11.039","article-title":"Schwann cell-derived EVs facilitate dental pulp regeneration through endogenous stem cell recruitment via SDF-1\/CXCR4 axis","volume":"140","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomaterialia"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11061744","article-title":"Unveiling the pathogenesis of adenomyosis through animal models","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10061218","article-title":"Perioperative suppression of Schwann cell dedifferentiation reduces the risk of adenomyosis resulting from endometrial\u2013myometrial interface disruption in mice","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2014-0468OC","article-title":"Reversal of the transcriptome by prostaglandin E2 during myofibroblast dedifferentiation","volume":"54","author":"Wettlaufer","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1155\/DTE.7.89","article-title":"Adenomyosis: difficult to diagnose, and difficult to treat","volume":"7","author":"Wood","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000093975","article-title":"Inhibition of proliferation of endometrial stromal cells by trichostatin A, RU486, CDB-2914, N-acetylcysteine, and ICI 182780","volume":"62","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.07.034","article-title":"Suppression of IL-1beta-induced COX-2 expression by trichostatin A (TSA) in human endometrial stromal cells","volume":"135","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719107302913","article-title":"Trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, attenuates invasiveness and reactivates E-cadherin expression in immortalized endometriotic cells","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.06.008","article-title":"Prolonged stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced partial methylation at PR-B promoter in immortalized epithelial-like endometriotic cells","volume":"90","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719115572478","article-title":"Evidence for a hypercoagulable state in women with ovarian endometriomas","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-019-02187-8","article-title":"Emerging roles of aerobic glycolysis in breast cancer","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Oncology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.610963","article-title":"Platelets and regulatory T cells may induce a type 2 immunity that is conducive to the progression and fibrogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.9713","article-title":"PI3K\/Akt signaling transduction pathway, erythropoiesis and glycolysis in hypoxia (Review)","volume":"19","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00711-6","article-title":"Possible involvement of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter receptors in adenomyosis","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102258","article-title":"Three-dimensional understanding of the morphological complexity of the human uterine endometrium","volume":"24","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116670037","article-title":"Endometriosis-derived thromboxane A2 induces neurite outgrowth","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.06.017","article-title":"Nerve fibers and endometriotic lesions: partners in crime in inflicting pains in women with endometriosis","volume":"209","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39170-w","article-title":"Neuropeptides substance P and calcitonin gene related peptide accelerate the development and fibrogenesis of endometriosis","volume":"9","author":"Yan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa550","article-title":"Mesothelial cells participate in endometriosis fibrogenesis through platelet-induced mesothelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"105","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2020.03.020","article-title":"Platelets induce endothelial-mesenchymal transition and subsequent fibrogenesis in endometriosis","volume":"41","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI16492","article-title":"Cancer-associated immunodeficiency and dendritic cell abnormalities mediated by the prostaglandin EP2 receptor","volume":"111","author":"Yang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00513-6","article-title":"Immunoreactivity of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and its correlation with dysmenorrhea and lesional fibrosis in adenomyosis","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118756755","article-title":"Caloric restriction dramatically stalls lesion growth in mice with induced endometriosis","volume":"25","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-019-00117-1","article-title":"Enriched environment decelerates the development of endometriosis in mouse","volume":"27","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716687","article-title":"Adenomyosis: mechanisms and pathogenesis","volume":"38","author":"Zhai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seminars in Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.05.016","article-title":"Endometrial nerve fibers in women with endometriosis, adenomyosis, and uterine fibroids","volume":"92","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.03.026","article-title":"Innervation of endometrium and myometrium in women with painful adenomyosis and uterine fibroids","volume":"94","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038745","article-title":"Deficient dopamine D2 receptor function causes renal inflammation independently of high blood pressure","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2014.903910","article-title":"Altered innervation of the fallopian tube in ectopic pregnancy","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2016.03.015","article-title":"Platelets drive smooth muscle metaplasia and fibrogenesis in endometriosis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation","volume":"428","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12734-3_6","article-title":"Hypoxia and metabolism in metastasis","volume":"1136","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5461","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.9600","article-title":"FAK regulates epithelialmesenchymal transition in adenomyosis","volume":"18","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.01.184","article-title":"ILK-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition promotes the invasive phenotype in adenomyosis","volume":"497","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.153050","article-title":"Iron overload inhibits cell proliferation and promotes autophagy via PARP1\/SIRT1 signaling in endometriosis and adenomyosis","volume":"465","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719115572479","article-title":"Resveratrol reduces myometrial infiltration, uterine hyperactivity, and stress levels and alleviates generalized hyperalgesia in mice with induced adenomyosis","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712073344900_bib262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-016-0198-1","article-title":"Anti-platelet therapy holds promises in treating adenomyosis: experimental evidence","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/rep\/164\/5\/REP-22-0224.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/rep\/164\/5\/REP-22-0224.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/164\/5\/R101\/64064446\/rep-22-0224.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/164\/5\/R101\/64064446\/rep-22-0224.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T17:07:42Z","timestamp":1767805662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article\/164\/5\/R101\/8217044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"references-count":261,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep-22-0224","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-1626","1741-7899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-1626","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-7899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]}}}