{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:43:06Z","timestamp":1791240186948,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>In brief<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minipuberty is a transient activity period of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis in the postnatal and infant period including surging serum concentrations of reproductive hormones. Increasing evidence points to an important role of this period for maturation of the testes and thereby for male reproductive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minipuberty is a transient activity period of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal (HPG) axis in the postnatal and infant period in humans and non-human primates. Hallmarks of this period are surging serum concentrations of reproductive hormones. While in females, the role of minipuberty seems to be dispensable for future fertility, in males, it is significantly associated with reproductive function in later life. In males, this activity period promotes further masculinization, including testicular and penile growth, as well as completion of testicular descent if not already achieved at birth. At the testicular level, both, somatic and germ cells undergo proliferation and partial maturation during this period. Minipuberty is thought to prime male gonadal tissue for subsequent growth and maturation. Notably, perturbed or absent minipuberty is associated with reduced male reproductive function in adulthood. While the sustained HPG axis activity during adulthood is known to control reproductive function, minipuberty appears to be a prerequisite for obtaining full male reproductive function in later life, thereby determining future fertility potential, i.e. the ability to father a child. This review maps the role of male minipuberty for reproductive function and presents suitable animal models to study minipuberty. Also, it describes the development and maturation of testicular cell types, discusses short- and long-term effects of minipuberty and highlights future research perspectives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-23-0036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T07:32:40Z","timestamp":1692689560000},"page":"R63-R72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Male minipuberty in human and non-human primates: planting the seeds of future fertility"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4417-569X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander S","family":"Busch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics , University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Paturlanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology , Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0181-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Neuhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology , Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Wistuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology , Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schlatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology , Institute of Reproductive and Regenerative Biology, University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Juul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Growth and Reproduction , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC) , Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine , University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heymut","family":"Omran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics , University of M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712092579400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.2.4603","article-title":"Longitudinal reproductive hormone profiles in infants: peak of inhibin B levels in infant boys exceeds levels in adult men","volume":"83","author":"Andersson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712092579400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1360235","article-title":"FSH and testosterone, alone or in combination, initiate testicular growth and increase the number of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells in a juvenile non-human primate (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"136","author":"Arslan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712092579400_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2011.23","article-title":"Testicular descent: INSL3, testosterone, genes and the intrauterine milieu","volume":"8","author":"Bay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. 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