{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T07:12:52Z","timestamp":1774077172089,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\u2003<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>In brief<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are frequently associated with abnormal placental functions. This review explores the involvement of proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in these processes, to gain molecular insights into abnormal pregnancy conditions associated with PCOS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the major endocrine disorders affecting women during their reproductive ages.Given its association with other pathologies, such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, women with PCOS could present high-risk pregnancies, including a high abortion rate, implantation failure, an increased risk of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. These adverse pregnancy outcomes are often attributed, at least in part, to defects in placental functions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are important transcription factors that participate in various placental pathways, regulating the expression of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation. Furthermore, PPARs have been shown to play a role in placental development and function. Taking together this evidence, the present review focuses on the role of PPARs in placental tissue and discusses their implications in the pregnancy outcomes commonly associated with the presence of PCOS. In addition, the main treatments frequently employed have also been discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-23-0325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T13:01:58Z","timestamp":1709816518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and placental function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"167","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7568-0731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aim\u00e9","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiopatolog\u00eda Ov\u00e1rica , Centro de Estudios Farmacol\u00f3gicos y Bot\u00e1nicos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiopatolog\u00eda Ov\u00e1rica , Centro de Estudios Farmacol\u00f3gicos y Bot\u00e1nicos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-108-4-1441","article-title":"Insulin enhancement of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release by cultured pituitary cells","volume":"108","author":"Adashi","year":"1981","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-012-1627-6","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors of trophoblast cells in miscarriage","volume":"152","author":"Alexandrova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.12.105","article-title":"Influence of adrenal hyperandrogenism on the clinical and metabolic phenotype of women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Alpa\u00f1\u00e9s","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0674","article-title":"Excess androgen production in subcutaneous adipose tissue of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome is not related to insulin or LH","volume":"241","author":"Amer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17267","article-title":"Induction of the PPAR\u03b3 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3)-GCM1 (glial cell missing 1) syncytialization axis reduces sFLT1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1) in the preeclamptic placenta","volume":"78","author":"Armistead","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/s1472-6483(1061644-6","article-title":"PCOS: a diagnostic challenge","volume":"8","author":"Azziz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2019.11.002","article-title":"Efficacy of n-3 fatty acids supplementation on the prevention of pregnancy induced-hypertension or preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Bakouei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1017-3182","article-title":"Placental accumulation of triacylglycerols in gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with altered fetal growth are related to the differential expressions of proteins of lipid metabolism","volume":"129","author":"Balachandiran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142082","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/142082","article-title":"PPAR signaling in placental development and function","volume":"2008","author":"Barak","year":"2008","journal-title":"PPAR Research"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R43","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0378","article-title":"Endocrinology of pregnancy: gestational diabetes mellitus: definition, aetiological and clinical aspects","volume":"174","author":"Baz","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.53.082901.104018","article-title":"The mechanisms of action of PPARs","volume":"53","author":"Berger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annual Review of Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.64.6.1586","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoform expression changes in human gestational tissues with labor at term","volume":"64","author":"Berry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Molecular Pharmacology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.5603\/fhc.a2015.0023","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the regulation of female reproductive functions","volume":"53","author":"Bogacka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy030","article-title":"Placental formation in early pregnancy: how is the centre of the placenta made?","volume":"24","author":"Boss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19041197","article-title":"PPAR agonists and metabolic syndrome: an established role?","volume":"19","author":"Botta","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.02.101","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Brennan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00493.x","article-title":"Early second-trimester maternal hyperandrogenemia and subsequent preeclampsia: a prospective study","volume":"84","author":"Carlsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.050021","article-title":"DHA supplementation and pregnancy outcomes123","volume":"97","author":"Carlson","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12381","article-title":"Trying to understand gestational diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Catalano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.04.033","article-title":"Hyperglycemia impairs cytotrophoblast function via stress signaling","volume":"211","author":"Cawyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3109\/10641955.2015.1122035","article-title":"Attenuation of hyperglycemia-induced apoptotic signaling and anti-angiogenic milieu in cultured cytotrophoblast cells","volume":"35","author":"Cawyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension in Pregnancy"},{"issue":"Supplement A","key":"2026010712110222400_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2008.12.006","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction: implications for placental metabolism and transport. A review","volume":"30","author":"Cetin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq308","article-title":"High serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is associated with phenotypic acne and a reduced risk of abdominal obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2006.03.001","article-title":"Inflammation and miscarriage","volume":"11","author":"Christiansen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.10.002","article-title":"Improvement of hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia during pregnancy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: possible effect in the ovarian follicular mass of their daughters","volume":"97","author":"Crisosto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130048","DOI":"10.1530\/EDM-13-0048","article-title":"Late presentation of hyperandrogenism in pregnancy: clinical features and differential diagnosis","volume":"2013","author":"Das","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.11.070","article-title":"Prevalence of insulin resistance in the polycystic ovary syndrome using the homeostasis model assessment","volume":"83","author":"DeUgarte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1468","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1064","article-title":"Placental expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3): relation to placental and fetal growth","volume":"97","author":"D\u00edaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib29","first-page":"507","article-title":"Placenta changes in pregnancy with gestational diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Edu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology\u2009=\u2009Revue Roumaine de Morphologie et Embryologie"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1080\/21623945.2019.1710021","article-title":"Differences in fatty acid profiles and desaturation indices of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue between pregnant women with and without PCOS","volume":"9","author":"Emami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adipocyte"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.318062","article-title":"Role of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors in hypertension","volume":"128","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2546","article-title":"Endogenous androgens and sex hormone\u2013binding globulin in women and risk of metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes","volume":"100","author":"Fenske","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2006.04.009","article-title":"PPARs and the placenta","volume":"28","author":"Fournier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/s0143-4004(0300080-8","article-title":"The insulin-like growth factors and feto-placental growth","volume":"24","author":"Fowden","year":"2003","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113928","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23043","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with decreased adipose and placenta peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor \u03b3 expression in a Chinese population","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.021","article-title":"Free androgen index as a predictor of blood pressure progression and accelerated vascular aging in menopause","volume":"247","author":"Georgiopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-13-17","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands: nutritional and clinical implications \u2013 a review","volume":"13","author":"Grygiel-G\u00f3rniak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition Journal"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R155","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-18-0059","article-title":"Nutrient sensor signaling pathways and cellular stress in fetal growth restriction","volume":"62","author":"Hart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2004.03.024","article-title":"PPARalpha agonists clofibrate and gemfibrozil inhibit cell growth, down-regulate hCG and up-regulate progesterone secretions in immortalized human trophoblast cells","volume":"68","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemical Pharmacology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-197804000-00016","article-title":"Differential maternal-fetal response to androgenizing luteoma or hyperreactio luteinalis","volume":"33","author":"Hensleigh","year":"1978","journal-title":"Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01191","article-title":"Fetal growth and birth anthropometrics in metformin-exposed offspring born to Mothers With Pcos","volume":"103","author":"Hjorth-Hansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.12.009","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are altered in pathologies of the human placenta: gestational diabetes mellitus, intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia","volume":"31","author":"Holdsworth-Carson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1015980","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Jamilian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2014.09.015","article-title":"PPAR gamma gene--a review","volume":"9","author":"Janani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422416000287","article-title":"Metabolic consequences of obesity and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: diagnostic and methodological challenges","volume":"30","author":"Jeanes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrition Research Reviews"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1016251","article-title":"Insulin resistance syndrome in preeclampsia","volume":"16","author":"Kaaja","year":"1998","journal-title":"Seminars in Reproductive Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1290.017","article-title":"Endocrine-related causes and consequences of intrauterine growth retardation","volume":"997","author":"Kanaka-Gantenbein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932078","article-title":"Hyperandrogenic states in pregnancy","volume":"60","author":"Ka\u0148ov\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiological Research"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2013-0039","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR\u03b3) is down regulated in trophoblast cells of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and in trophoblast tumour cells BeWo in vitro after stimulation with PPAR\u03b3 agonists","volume":"42","author":"Knabl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2016.2665","article-title":"RXR\u03b1 is upregulated in first trimester endometrial glands of spontaneous abortions unlike LXR and PPAR\u03b3","volume":"60","author":"Knabl","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Histochemistry"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01231-1","article-title":"Self-regulation of the inflammatory response by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors","volume":"68","author":"Korbecki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflammation Research"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dev265","article-title":"Placental characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Koster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3464","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3464","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and its components in different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Krentowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes\/Metabolism Research and Reviews"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.142638","article-title":"Expression of heme oxygenase-1 in human vascular cells is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors","volume":"27","author":"Kr\u00f6nke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02256.x","article-title":"Prevalence of adrenal androgen excess in patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)","volume":"62","author":"Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2003.04.001","article-title":"Phospholipase A2 isozymes in pregnancy and parturition","volume":"70","author":"Lappas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3765","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Lappas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antioxidants and Redox Signaling"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-154","article-title":"New insights into mechanisms behind miscarriage","volume":"11","author":"Larsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0877","article-title":"Increased prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus among women with diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: a population-based study","volume":"29","author":"Lo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.197897","article-title":"Preeclampsia is associated with compromised maternal synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, leading to offspring deficiency","volume":"60","author":"Mackay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11040647","article-title":"Progesterone actions and resistance in gynecological disorders","volume":"11","author":"MacLean","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100814-125620","article-title":"Placenta: the forgotten organ","volume":"31","author":"Maltepe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-020-01356-y","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"70","author":"Mann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.05.016","article-title":"Increased placental expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2013related factor 2 and antioxidant enzymes in gestational diabetes: protective mechanisms against the placental oxidative stress?","volume":"238","author":"Manoharan","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e3181f8c41d","article-title":"Pregnancy luteomas: clinical presentations and management strategies","volume":"65","author":"Masarie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2010.10.004","article-title":"Angiogenic factors and preeclampsia","volume":"31","author":"Maynard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seminars in Nephrology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/s0015-0282(1654828-6","article-title":"Gestational hyperandrogenism","volume":"57","author":"McClamrock","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.22518","article-title":"Maternal nutrition influences angiogenesis in the placenta through peroxisome proliferator activated receptors: a novel hypothesis","volume":"82","author":"Meher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecular Reproduction and Development"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2015(1109","article-title":"Treatment of infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: approach to clinical practice","volume":"70","author":"Melo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E628","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3908","article-title":"Divergences in insulin resistance between the different phenotypes of the polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Moghetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_576_17","article-title":"Oxidative stress and polycystic ovary syndrome: a brief review","volume":"10","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0329","article-title":"Insulin augmentation of 17alpha-hydroxylase activity is mediated by phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1\/2 in human ovarian theca cells","volume":"145","author":"Munir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-021-01277-6","article-title":"Effect of body mass index (BMI) on phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in Singapore women: a prospective cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Neubronner","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2018.06.002","article-title":"The importance of healthy dietary patterns in chronic disease prevention","volume":"70","author":"Neuhouser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrition Research"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv029","article-title":"Pregnancy complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Palomba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Update"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1100","article-title":"Decidual endovascular trophoblast invasion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an experimental case-control study","volume":"97","author":"Palomba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det250","article-title":"Macroscopic and microscopic findings of the placenta in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Palomba","year":"2013","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.04.010","article-title":"Early trophoblast invasion and placentation in women with different PCOS phenotypes","volume":"29","author":"Palomba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproductive Biomedicine Online"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8253","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168253","article-title":"The risk of subsequent miscarriage in pregnant women with prior polycystic ovarian syndrome: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"18","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.14670\/HH-11-734","article-title":"Expression of peroxisome proliferator activation receptors (PPARs) and TNF\u03b1 in placenta tissues in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: an immunohistochemical study","volume":"31","author":"Papamitsou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Histology and Histopathology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2018.04.008","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an inflammatory, systemic, lifestyle endocrinopathy","volume":"182","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.005538","article-title":"Hormonal and metabolic effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: results from a cross-sectional analysis and a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial","volume":"93","author":"Phelan","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(1630217-0","article-title":"Preconceptional and maternal obesity: epidemiology and health consequences","volume":"4","author":"Poston","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.05762","article-title":"Androgen generation in adipose tissue in women with simple obesity \u2013 a site-specific role for 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5","volume":"183","author":"Quinkler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2012.10720443","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids improve glucose metabolism without effects on obesity values and serum visfatin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Rafraf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313276","article-title":"Preeclampsia: pathophysiology, challenges, and perspectives","volume":"124","author":"Rana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsgi.2005.03.004","article-title":"Human placental peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta and gamma expression in healthy pregnancy and in preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction","volume":"12","author":"Rodie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1104","article-title":"The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the hypothesis of PCOS as functional ovarian hyperandrogenism revisited","volume":"37","author":"Rosenfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004","article-title":"Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"81","author":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.06.005","article-title":"Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in gestational diabetes: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Samimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4267","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2265","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoid X receptor signaling regulate fatty acid uptake by primary human placental trophoblasts","volume":"90","author":"Schaiff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2006.02.009","article-title":"The pleiotropic function of PPAR gamma in the placenta","volume":"249","author":"Schaiff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy049","article-title":"Hemochorial placentation: development, function, and adaptations","volume":"99","author":"Soares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2019.07.004","article-title":"The two-stage placental model of preeclampsia: an update","volume":"134\u2013135","author":"Staff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Reproductive Immunology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2020.1858994","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), fatty acids and microRNAs: implications in women delivering low birth weight babies","volume":"67","author":"Sundrani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4504","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.10.8448","article-title":"PPAR gamma\/RXR alpha heterodimers are involved in human CG beta synthesis and human trophoblast differentiation","volume":"142","author":"Tarrade","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5017","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.10.7924","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3\/RXR\u03b1 heterodimers control human trophoblast invasion","volume":"86","author":"Tarrade","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem426","article-title":"Consensus on infertility treatment related to polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"23","author":"The T hessaloniki ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","year":"2008","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.14670\/HH-23.1465","article-title":"Leptin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: impact on normal and disturbed first trimester human pregnancy","volume":"23","author":"Toth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Histology and Histopathology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.90879","article-title":"The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: a family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases","volume":"2","author":"Tyagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.04.002","article-title":"Dysregulation of leptin and testosterone production and their receptor expression in the human placenta with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"31","author":"Uzelac","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12015","article-title":"On the potential of metformin to prevent preterm delivery in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - an epi-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Vanky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612811319250010","article-title":"The biology of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor system in the female reproductive tract","volume":"19","author":"V\u00e9lez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Pharmaceutical Design"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00031","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b3 agonists as antineoplastic agents in cancers with dysregulated IGF axis","volume":"8","author":"Vella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2012.05.001","article-title":"PPARs at the crossroads of lipid signaling and inflammation","volume":"23","author":"Wahli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0849","article-title":"Circulating activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are reduced in preeclamptic pregnancy","volume":"90","author":"Waite","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/10641950500281118","article-title":"Placental tissue levels of nonesterified polyunsaturated fatty acids in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension in Pregnancy"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13883","article-title":"Overweight, obesity and hyperandrogenemia are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: a follow-up cohort study","volume":"99","author":"West","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2018.09.006","article-title":"Role of dyslipidemia in preeclampsia-A review of lipidomic analysis of blood, placenta, syncytiotrophoblast microvesicles and umbilical cord artery from women with preeclampsia","volume":"139","author":"Wojcik-Baszko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029-7844(0101551-4","article-title":"Obesity and preeclampsia: the potential role of inflammation","volume":"98","author":"Wolf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20973","article-title":"Effect of placental fatty acid metabolism and regulation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor on pregnancy and fetal outcomes","volume":"96","author":"Xu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4526","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004526","article-title":"Effects of metformin on pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6869705","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6869705","article-title":"Association of androgen excess with glucose intolerance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"2018","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118756746","article-title":"Aspirin ameliorates preeclampsia induced by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor antagonist","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproductive Sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)"},{"key":"2026010712110222400_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12928","article-title":"Downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in the placenta correlates to hyperglycemia in offspring at young adulthood after exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Investigation"}],"container-title":["Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/rep\/167\/5\/REP-23-0325.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/rep\/167\/5\/REP-23-0325.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/167\/5\/e230325\/64910835\/rep-23-0325.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/167\/5\/e230325\/64910835\/rep-23-0325.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T17:11:09Z","timestamp":1767805869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article\/doi\/10.1530\/REP-23-0325\/8217329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep-23-0325","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-1626","1741-7899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-1626","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-7899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]]},"article-number":"e230325"}}