{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T22:52:31Z","timestamp":1788648751728,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>In brief<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated that metabolic syndrome (MetS) in mice disrupts the estrous cycle, increases progesterone levels and alters the endometrial structure, resulting in impaired reproductive success. Treatment with metformin effectively reversed these effects, restoring hormonal balance and normal endometrial architecture and improving reproductive outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MetS is increasingly associated with impaired reproductive health. This study aimed to assess the endometrial characteristics and reproductive outcomes of a female MetS mouse model and evaluate metformin\u2019s therapeutic effects. Twenty-one-day-old female C57BL\/6 mice were randomly divided into a high-fat (HF) diet group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 50) and a control group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 30) that received standard chow. After 11 weeks, a subset of HF mice (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 25) was given oral metformin at 300 mg\/kg\/day, while the other ones continued on HF diet. After 15 weeks, mice were either sacrificed during estrus or mated and euthanized on day 7.5 of pregnancy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15 per group). The estrous cycle, progesterone and estradiol levels, uterine morphology, endometrial cell proliferation, reproductive performance and metformin\u2019s treatment effects were assessed. Mice on the HF diet developed MetS, which was characterized by moderate glycemic dysregulation, increased cholesterol, insulin resistance and central obesity. Experimental MetS caused estrous cycle disruptions and increased serum progesterone levels, which were normalized by metformin. MetS also affected endometrial histology, producing hyperplasia and altering cell proliferation, while metformin restored the normal endometrial architecture by inhibiting cell proliferation. In addition, MetS impaired the reproductive success by delaying coitus and reducing the ratio of implantation sites to corpora lutea, both of which were rectified by metformin. In conclusion, MetS adversely affects reproductive function, but metformin offers improvement. Our findings highlight the need for further research on the impact of MetS on reproduction and the exploration of treatments to enhance reproductive health in women with MetS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-24-0321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T12:27:46Z","timestamp":1732019266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Metabolic syndrome impairs endometrial functioning and early pregnancy: an in vivo study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Noelia","family":"Carnovale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) \u2013 Fundaci\u00f3n del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (FIBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Candela","family":"Velazquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) \u2013 Fundaci\u00f3n del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (FIBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda del","family":"Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) \u2013 Fundaci\u00f3n del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (FIBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julieta","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) \u2013 Fundaci\u00f3n del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (FIBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Francisco","family":"M\u00e9ndez Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) \u2013 Fundaci\u00f3n del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (FIBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Analy","family":"Fritzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Pedro Fiorito, Sector de Endocrinolog\u00eda, Avellaneda Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Palazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Integral Clinical Trial (IICT) Labs, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Patolog\u00eda del Hospital Rivadavia, Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariela","family":"Bilotas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) \u2013 Fundaci\u00f3n del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (FIBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5058-8450","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Meresman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (IBYME) \u2013 Fundaci\u00f3n del Instituto de Biolog\u00eda y Medicina Experimental (FIBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect","first-page":"e00389","article-title":"Metformin normalizes the structural changes in glycogen preceding prediabetes in mice overexpressing neuropeptide Y in noradrenergic neurons","volume":"6","author":"Ailanen L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ailanen L, Bezborodkina NN, Virtanen L, et al. 2018 Metformin normalizes the structural changes in glycogen preceding prediabetes in mice overexpressing neuropeptide Y in noradrenergic neurons. Pharmacol Res Perspect 6 e00389. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/prp2.389)"},{"key":"bib2","series-title":"J Endocrinol","first-page":"65","article-title":"Obesity induced by high-fat diet promotes insulin resistance in the ovary","volume":"206","author":"Akamine EH","year":"2010","unstructured":"Akamine EH, Mar\u00e7al AC, Camporez JP, et al. 2010 Obesity induced by high-fat diet promotes insulin resistance in the ovary. J Endocrinol 206 65\u201374. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1677\/JOE-09-0461)"},{"key":"bib3","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1059","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome \u2013 a new worldwide definition","volume":"366","author":"Alberti KGMM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P & Shaw J 2005 The metabolic syndrome \u2013 a new worldwide definition. Lancet 366 1059\u20131062. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8)"},{"key":"bib4","series-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol","first-page":"941539","article-title":"Implications of high-density cholesterol metabolism for oocyte biology and female fertility","volume":"10","author":"Arias A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arias A, Quiroz A, Santander N, et al. 2022 Implications of high-density cholesterol metabolism for oocyte biology and female fertility. Front Cell Dev Biol 10 941539. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.941539)"},{"key":"bib5","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"280.e1","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in obesity: treatment success and adverse pregnancy outcomes with ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"225","author":"Arya S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arya S, Hansen KR, Peck JD, et al. 2021 Metabolic syndrome in obesity: treatment success and adverse pregnancy outcomes with ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 225 280.e1\u2013280.e11. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.03.048)"},{"key":"bib6","series-title":"Stem Cells Dev","first-page":"2927","article-title":"Diverse roles of metformin during peri-implantation development: revisiting novel molecular mechanisms underlying clinical implications","volume":"22","author":"Banerjee P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Banerjee P, Bhonde RR & Pal R 2013 Diverse roles of metformin during peri-implantation development: revisiting novel molecular mechanisms underlying clinical implications. Stem Cells Dev 22 2927\u20132934. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/scd.2013.0171)"},{"key":"bib7","series-title":"Reproduction","first-page":"61","article-title":"Obesity modifies the implantation window and disrupts intrauterine embryo positioning in rats","volume":"162","author":"Bazzano MV","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bazzano MV, Sarrible GB, Ber\u00f3n de Astrada M, et al. 2021 Obesity modifies the implantation window and disrupts intrauterine embryo positioning in rats. Reproduction 162 61\u201372. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/REP-21-0015)"},{"key":"bib8","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"00613","article-title":"Prepregnancy physiology and subsequent preterm preeclampsia","volume":"S0002-9378","author":"Bernstein IM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bernstein IM, Badger GJ & McBride C 2024 Prepregnancy physiology and subsequent preterm preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol S0002-9378 00613\u201300616. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2024.05.031)"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"103","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and oocyte quality","volume":"22","author":"Cardozo E","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cardozo E, Pavone ME & Hirshfeld-Cytron JE 2011 Metabolic syndrome and oocyte quality. Trends Endocrinol Metab 22 103\u2013109. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2010.12.002)"},{"key":"bib10","series-title":"Hum Reprod","first-page":"2235","article-title":"Metformin augments the levels of molecules that regulate the expression of the insulin-dependent glucose transporter GLUT4 in the endometria of hyperinsulinemic PCOS patients","volume":"28","author":"Carvajal R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carvajal R, Rosas C, Kohan K, et al. 2013 Metformin augments the levels of molecules that regulate the expression of the insulin-dependent glucose transporter GLUT4 in the endometria of hyperinsulinemic PCOS patients. Hum Reprod 28 2235\u20132244. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/det116)"},{"key":"bib11","series-title":"Med Sci Monit","first-page":"1601","article-title":"Long-term high fat diet has a profound effect on body weight, hormone levels, and estrous cycle in mice","volume":"22","author":"Chakraborty TR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chakraborty TR, Donthireddy L, Adhikary D, et al. 2016 Long-term high fat diet has a profound effect on body weight, hormone levels, and estrous cycle in mice. Med Sci Monit 22 1601\u20131608. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/msm.897628)"},{"key":"bib12","series-title":"Front Endocrinol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metformin in reproductive biology","volume":"9","author":"Faure M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Faure M, Bertoldo MJ, Khoueiry R, et al. 2018 Metformin in reproductive biology. Front Endocrinol 9 1\u201312. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2018.00675)"},{"key":"bib13","series-title":"Mol Cell. Endocrinol.","first-page":"112","article-title":"Induction of uterine hyperplasia after cafeteria diet exposure","volume":"477","author":"Gastiazoro MP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gastiazoro MP, Guerrero-Schimpf M, Durando M, et al. 2018 Induction of uterine hyperplasia after cafeteria diet exposure. Mol Cell. Endocrinol. 477 112\u2013120. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2018.06.007)"},{"key":"bib14","series-title":"Eat Behav","first-page":"101821","article-title":"Associations between eating behaviors and metabolic syndrome severity in young adults","volume":"51","author":"Graybeal AJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Graybeal AJ, Brandner CF, Henderson A, et al. 2023 Associations between eating behaviors and metabolic syndrome severity in young adults. Eat Behav 51 101821. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2023.101821)"},{"key":"bib15","series-title":"BJOG","first-page":"852","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and time to pregnancy: a retrospective study of nulliparous women","volume":"126","author":"Grieger JA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grieger JA, Grzeskowiak LE, Smithers LG, et al. 2019 Metabolic syndrome and time to pregnancy: a retrospective study of nulliparous women. BJOG 126 852\u2013862. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.15647)"},{"key":"bib16","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"138.e1","article-title":"Influence of metabolic syndrome on female fertility and in vitro fertilization outcomes in PCOS women","volume":"221","author":"He Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"He Y, Lu Y, Zhu Q, et al. 2019 Influence of metabolic syndrome on female fertility and in vitro fertilization outcomes in PCOS women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 221 138.e1\u2013138.e12. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.011)"},{"key":"bib17","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"4588","article-title":"Estrogen metabolism in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in postmenopausal women","volume":"102","author":"Hetem\u00e4ki N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hetem\u00e4ki N, Savolainen-Peltonen H, Tikkanen MJ, et al. 2017 Estrogen metabolism in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102 4588\u20134595. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2017-01474)"},{"key":"bib18","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"19556","article-title":"Effects of different diets used in diet-induced obesity models on insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction in C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"9","author":"Lang P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lang P, Hasselwander S, Li H, et al. 2019 Effects of different diets used in diet-induced obesity models on insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction in C57BL\/6 mice. Sci Rep 9 19556. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-55987-x)"},{"key":"bib19","series-title":"J Clin Med","first-page":"3055","article-title":"Cardiometabolic index (CMI) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) highlight a higher risk of metabolic syndrome in women with severe obesity","volume":"12","author":"Lazzer S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lazzer S, D\u2019Alleva M, Isola M, et al. 2023 Cardiometabolic index (CMI) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) highlight a higher risk of metabolic syndrome in women with severe obesity. J Clin Med 12 3055. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12093055)"},{"key":"bib20","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metformin as a therapeutic target in endometrial cancers","volume":"8","author":"Lee TY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee TY, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Schilder RJ, et al. 2018 Metformin as a therapeutic target in endometrial cancers. Front Oncol 8 1\u201314. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2018.00341)"},{"key":"bib21","series-title":"J Endocr Soc","first-page":"bvab010","article-title":"Homeostatic regulation of estrus cycle of young female mice on western diet","volume":"5","author":"Lenert ME","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lenert ME, Chaparro MM & Burton MD 2021 Homeostatic regulation of estrus cycle of young female mice on western diet. J Endocr Soc 5 bvab010. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvab010)"},{"key":"bib22","series-title":"Reprod Sci","first-page":"703","article-title":"The effects of altered endometrial glucose homeostasis on embryo implantation in type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"28","author":"Ma Y-D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma Y-D, Cui Z-H, Zhao D, et al. 2021 The effects of altered endometrial glucose homeostasis on embryo implantation in type 2 diabetic mice. Reprod Sci 28 703\u2013714. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43032-020-00365-6)"},{"key":"bib23","series-title":"Fertil Steril","first-page":"956","article-title":"Metformin has direct effects on human ovarian steroidogenesis","volume":"79","author":"Mansfield R","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mansfield R, Galea R, Brincat M, et al. 2003 Metformin has direct effects on human ovarian steroidogenesis. Fertil Steril 79 956\u2013962. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0015-0282(02)04925-7)"},{"key":"bib24","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"1354","article-title":"Infiltrating macrophages induce ER\u03b1 expression through an IL17A-mediated epigenetic mechanism to sensitize endometrial cancer cells to estrogen","volume":"76","author":"Ning C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ning C, Xie B, Zhang L, et al. 2016 Infiltrating macrophages induce ER\u03b1 expression through an IL17A-mediated epigenetic mechanism to sensitize endometrial cancer cells to estrogen. Cancer Res 76 1354\u20131366. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1260)"},{"key":"bib25","series-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet","first-page":"573","article-title":"The use of metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an updated review","volume":"39","author":"Notaro ALG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Notaro ALG & Neto FTL 2022 The use of metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an updated review. J Assist Reprod Genet 39 573\u2013579. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10815-022-02429-9)"},{"key":"bib26","series-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract","first-page":"109924","article-title":"Geographic distribution of metabolic syndrome and its components in the general adult population: a meta-analysis of global data from 28 million individuals","volume":"188","author":"Noubiap JJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Noubiap JJ, Nansseu JR, Lontchi-Yimagou E, et al. 2022 Geographic distribution of metabolic syndrome and its components in the general adult population: a meta-analysis of global data from 28 million individuals. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 188 109924\u2013109929. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109924)"},{"key":"bib27","series-title":"Front Endocrinol","first-page":"1070264","article-title":"Metformin improves polycystic ovary syndrome in mice by inhibiting ovarian ferroptosis","volume":"14","author":"Peng Q","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng Q, Chen X, Liang X, et al. 2023 Metformin improves polycystic ovary syndrome in mice by inhibiting ovarian ferroptosis. Front Endocrinol 14 1070264. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1070264)"},{"key":"bib28","series-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol","first-page":"397","article-title":"The pharmacological management of metabolic syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Rask Larsen J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rask Larsen J, Dima L, Correll CU, et al. 2018 The pharmacological management of metabolic syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 11 397\u2013410. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17512433.2018.1429910)"},{"key":"bib29","series-title":"FASEB J","first-page":"659","article-title":"Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited","volume":"22","author":"Reagan-Shaw S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reagan-Shaw S, Nihal M & Ahmad N 2008 Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. FASEB J 22 659\u2013661. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF)"},{"key":"bib30","series-title":"Zoolog Sci","first-page":"609","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of progesterone on sexual receptivity in female rats: a temporal relationship to estrogen administration","volume":"13","author":"Satou M","year":"1996","unstructured":"Satou M & Yamanouchi K 1996 Inhibitory effect of progesterone on sexual receptivity in female rats: a temporal relationship to estrogen administration. Zoolog Sci 13 609\u2013613. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2108\/zsj.13.609)"},{"key":"bib31","series-title":"Mol Endocrinol","first-page":"790","article-title":"Minireview: metabolism of female reproduction: regulatory mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"28","author":"Seli E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seli E, Babayev E, Collins SC, et al. 2014 Minireview: metabolism of female reproduction: regulatory mechanisms and clinical implications. Mol Endocrinol 28 790\u2013804. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/me.2013-1413)"},{"key":"bib32","series-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci","first-page":"85","article-title":"Menstrual health and the metabolic syndrome in adolescents","volume":"1135","author":"Tfayli H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tfayli H & Arslanian S 2008 Menstrual health and the metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1135 85\u201394. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1429.024)"},{"key":"bib33","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"689.e1","article-title":"Obesity and endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in premenopausal women: a systematic review","volume":"214","author":"Wise MR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wise MR, Jordan V, Lagas A, et al. 2016 Obesity and endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in premenopausal women: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 214 689.e1\u2013689.e17. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.01.175)"},{"key":"bib34","series-title":"Front Endocrinol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Higher waist circumference is associated with increased likelihood of female infertility: NHANES 2017-2020 results","volume":"14","author":"Yin YH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yin YH, Zhou SY, Lu DF, et al. 2023 Higher waist circumference is associated with increased likelihood of female infertility: NHANES 2017-2020 results. Front Endocrinol 14 1\u20138. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1216413)"},{"key":"bib35","series-title":"J Reprod Dev","first-page":"173","article-title":"Effects of hypercaloric diet-induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia on the ovarian follicular development in mice","volume":"68","author":"Zhang Q-L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Q-L, Wang Y, Liu J-S, et al. 2022 Effects of hypercaloric diet-induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia on the ovarian follicular development in mice. J Reprod Dev 68 173\u2013180. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1262\/jrd.2021-132)"},{"key":"bib36","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"2863","article-title":"Metformin: an old drug with new applications","volume":"19","author":"Zhou J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou J, Massey S, Story D, et al. 2018 Metformin: an old drug with new applications. Int J Mol Sci 19 2863\u20132915. (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19102863)"}],"container-title":["Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/rep\/169\/2\/REP-24-0321.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/rep\/169\/2\/REP-24-0321.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/rep\/169\/2\/REP-24-0321.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T23:03:38Z","timestamp":1767567818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/rep\/169\/2\/REP-24-0321.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep-24-0321","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-1626","1741-7899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-1626","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-7899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}}}