{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T03:46:36Z","timestamp":1773114396173,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sperm cryopreservation and artificial insemination are important management tools for giant panda breeding and the preservation of extant genetic diversity. This study examined the influence of freeze\u2013thawing on sperm function, specifically capacitation. Sperm from nine giant pandas were assessed before and after rapid (\u2212 40 and \u2212 100 \u00b0C\/min) cryopreservation by incubation in HEPES-buffered Ham\u2019s F10 medium with and without the capacitation accelerators, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP). At 0, 3 and 6 h of exposure, aliquots were assessed for sperm motility traits and capacitation, defined as the proportion of sperm with intact acrosomes following exposure to solubilised zonae pellucidae (ursid or felid) or calcium ionophore subtracted from the proportion of sperm with intact acrosomes before exposure. Although mean\u00b1s.e.m. sperm motility post-thaw (56.1 \u00b1 3.9% at 0 h) was less (P &amp;lt; 0.05) than pre-freeze (71.7 \u00b1 6.0%), there was no difference (P &amp;gt; 0.05) in the proportion of acrosome-intact sperm (fresh, 93.0 \u00b1 1.7% versus cryopreserved\u2013thawed, 81.7 \u00b1 4.7% at 0 h). Incidence of capacitation was greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in fresh sperm incubated with capacitation accelerators IBMX and dbcAMP (9 h: 50.9 \u00b1 1.1) compared with fresh sperm incubated without accelerators (9 h: 41.2 \u00b1 1.1%). Frozen\u2013thawed sperm preincubated without accelerators underwent capacitation (49.6 \u00b1 1.1%) to a greater extent (P &amp;lt; 0.05) compared with these fresh counterparts. Thawed samples with (9 h: 45.9 \u00b1 1.4%) and without accelerators (9 h: 41.2 \u00b1 1.1%) did not differ (P &amp;gt; 0.05) during the 9-h incubation. We conclude that giant panda spermatozoa (1) undergo capacitation in vitro with or without chemical accelerators and (2) withstand a rapid cryopreservation protocol, including retaining normal acrosomal integrity and functional capacitation ability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,5]],"date-time":"2004-05-05T12:48:15Z","timestamp":1083761295000},"page":"547-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Acrosomal integrity and capacitation are not influenced by sperm cryopreservation in the giant panda"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"R E","family":"Spindler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation and Research Center, Smithsonian\u2019s National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia 22630, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J G","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation and Research Center, Smithsonian\u2019s National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia 22630, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D E","family":"Wildt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservation and Research Center, Smithsonian\u2019s National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, Virginia 22630, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712593979600_ANDREWS-ETAL-1992","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080310307","volume":"31","year":"1992","journal-title":"Molecular Reproduction and 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