{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T11:03:08Z","timestamp":1791111788927,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The steroid hormone, progesterone, plays a central coordinate role in diverse events associated with female reproduction. In humans and other vertebrates, the biological activity of progesterone is mediated by modulation of the transcriptional activity of two progesterone receptors, PR-A and PR-B. These receptors arise from the same gene and exhibit both overlapping and distinct transcriptional activities in vitro. To delineate the individual roles of PR-A and PR-B in vivo, we have generated mouse models in which expression of a single PR isoform has been ablated. Analysis of the reproductive phenotypes of these mice has indicated that PR-A and PR-B mediate mostly distinct but partially overlapping reproductive responses to progesterone. While selective ablation of the PR-A protein (PR-A knockout mice, PRAKO mice) shows normal mammary gland response to progesterone but severe uterine hyperplasia and ovarian abnormalities, ablation of PR-B protein (PRBKO mice) does not affect biological responses of the ovary or uterus to progesterone but results in reduced pregnancy-associated mammary gland morphogenesis. The distinct tissue-specific reproductive responses to progesterone exhibited by these isoforms are due to regulation of distinct subsets of progesterone-dependent target genes by the individual PR isoforms. This review will summarize our current understanding of the selective contribution of PR isoforms to the cellular and molecular actions of progesterone in reproductive tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,27]],"date-time":"2004-07-27T13:28:00Z","timestamp":1090934880000},"page":"139-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":207,"title":["Reproductive tissue selective actions of progesterone receptors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Biserka","family":"Mulac-Jericevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orla M","family":"Conneely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010713000117500_ALLAN-ETAL-1992A","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)41805-4","volume":"267","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_ALLAN-ETAL-1992B","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11750","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.24.11750","volume":"89","year":"1992","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_ANDERSON-2002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr452","volume":"4","year":"2002","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Research"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_ARNETT-MANSFIELD-ETAL-2001","first-page":"4576","volume":"61","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_ARONICA-AND-KATZENELLENBOGEN-1991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-4-2045","volume":"128","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_ARONICA-AND-KATZENELLENBOGEN-1993","first-page":"743","volume":"7","year":"1993","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_BALLARE-ETAL-2003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.6.1994-2008.2003","volume":"23","year":"2003","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_BAYAA-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12607","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.220302597","volume":"97","year":"2000","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_BECK-ETAL-1993","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4441","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.10.4441","volume":"90","year":"1993","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_BOONYARATANAKORNKIT-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00304-5","volume":"8","year":"2001","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_BRAMLEY-2003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1250003","volume":"125","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_BRISKEN-ETAL-1998","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5076","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.9.5076","volume":"95","year":"1998","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_BRISKEN-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.6.650","volume":"14","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_BRONSON-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/5.6.507","volume":"5","year":"1999","journal-title":"Molecular Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_CHAPPELL-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.8.6895","volume":"140","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_CLARKE-AND-SUTHERLAND-1990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-11-2-266","volume":"11","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_CLARKE-ETAL-1997","first-page":"4987","volume":"57","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_CONNEELY-ETAL-1989","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14062","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71642-6","volume":"264","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_DE-VIVO-ETAL-2002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12263","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.192172299","volume":"99","year":"2002","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_DENNER-ETAL-1990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2176746","volume":"250","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_DOBSON-ETAL-1989","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)84984-0","volume":"264","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_DUFFY-ETAL-1997","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.4.693","volume":"57","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_ESPEY-1994","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod50.2.233","volume":"50","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_EVANS-1988","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3283939","volume":"240","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_FANTL-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1999.9329","volume":"212","year":"1999","journal-title":"Developmental Biology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_FATA-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00103-3","volume":"103","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_FAWELL-ETAL-1990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90343-D","volume":"60","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_FREEDMAN-1992","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-13-2-129","volume":"13","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_GENAZZANI-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.suppl_1.14","volume":"15","year":"2000","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_GIANGRANDE-AND-MCDONNELL-1999","first-page":"291","volume":"54","year":"1999","journal-title":"Recent Progress in Hormone Research"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_GIANGRANDE-ETAL-1997","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32889","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.52.32889","volume":"272","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_GRAHAM-AND-CLARKE-2002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr450","volume":"4","year":"2002","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Research"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_GRAHAM-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(95)00226-X","volume":"56","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_GRAZZINI-ETAL-1998","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/33176","volume":"392","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_GRIMM-ETAL-2002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0239","volume":"16","year":"2002","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_GRONEMEYER-1991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.25.120191.000513","volume":"25","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annual Review of Genetics"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_HOVLAND-ETAL-1998","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5455","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.10.5455","volume":"273","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_ISMAIL-ETAL-2002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0169","volume":"16","year":"2002","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_KAMEI-ETAL-1996","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81118-6","volume":"85","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_KASTNER-ETAL-1990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08280.x","volume":"9","year":"1990","journal-title":"The EMBO Journal"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_KRAUS-AND-KATZENELLENBOGEN-1993","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.132.6.8504742","volume":"132","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_KURITA-ETAL-1998","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4708","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.11.6317","volume":"139","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_LAMBERT-ETAL-2003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2003.09.001","volume":"71","year":"2003","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_LESSEY-ETAL-1983","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-112-4-1267","volume":"112","year":"1983","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_LIM-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.6.0284","volume":"13","year":"1999","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_LOUTRADIS-ETAL-1991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137519","volume":"6","year":"1991","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_LUISI-ETAL-1991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/352497a0","volume":"352","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_LYDON-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.18.2266","volume":"9","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_MCKENNA-AND-OMALLEY-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03997.x","volume":"949","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_MANGAL-ETAL-1997","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(97)00119-2","volume":"63","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_MANGELSDORF-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90199-X","volume":"83","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_MANI-ETAL-1996","first-page":"1728","volume":"10","year":"1996","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_MANI-ETAL-2001","first-page":"1249","volume":"98","year":"2001","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_MEYER-ETAL-1992","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50100-4","volume":"267","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_MOTE-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.suppl_3.48","volume":"15","year":"2000","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_MULAC-JERICEVIC-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5485.1751","volume":"289","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_MULAC-JERICEVIC-ETAL-2003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9744","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1732707100","volume":"100","year":"2003","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_NATRAJ-AND-RICHARDS-1993","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.2.8344215","volume":"133","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_OMALLEY-AND-CONNEELY-1992","first-page":"1359","volume":"6","year":"1992","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_ONATE-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5240.1354","volume":"270","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_PARK-SARGE-AND-MAYO-1994","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.134.2.8299566","volume":"134","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_PATRAT-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-4900(00)01072-8","volume":"92","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biology of the Cell"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_PRATT-ETAL-1988","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)57388-4","volume":"263","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_ROBKER-ETAL-2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4689","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.080073497","volume":"97","year":"2000","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_SARTORIUS-ETAL-1993","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)98344-4","volume":"268","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_SARTORIUS-ETAL-1994","first-page":"1347","volume":"8","year":"1994","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_SEAGROVES-ETAL-2000","first-page":"359","volume":"14","year":"2000","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_SHYAMALA-ETAL-1990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-126-6-2882","volume":"126","year":"1990","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_SIVARAMAN-ETAL-2001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1710075","volume":"171","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_SOYAL-ETAL-2002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr451","volume":"4","year":"2002","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Research"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_TAN-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5310","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.11.7148","volume":"140","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_TETEL-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.13.6.0300","volume":"13","year":"1999","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_TIBBETTS-ETAL-1998","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod59.5.1143","volume":"59","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_TIBBETTS-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12021","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.21.12021","volume":"96","year":"1999","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_TORA-ETAL-1988","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/333185a0","volume":"333","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_TSAI-AND-OMALLEY-1991","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_TSAI-AND-OMALLEY-1994A","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_TSAI-AND-OMALLEY-1994B","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.63.070194.002315","volume":"63","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annual Review of Biochemistry"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_TSAI-ETAL-1988","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90059-1","volume":"55","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_VAZQUEZ-ETAL-1999","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.4.2185","volume":"274","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_VEGETO-ETAL-1992","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90234-4","volume":"69","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_VEGETO-ETAL-1993","first-page":"1244","volume":"7","year":"1993","journal-title":"Molecular Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_WEBSTER-ETAL-1988","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90552-1","volume":"54","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_WEIGEL-ETAL-1995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-0760(95)00098-K","volume":"53","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2026010713000117500_ZHU-ETAL-2003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0436133100","volume":"100","year":"2003","journal-title":"PNAS"}],"container-title":["Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/rep\/128\/2\/1280139.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/128\/2\/139\/64606122\/1280139.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/128\/2\/139\/64606122\/1280139.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T18:09:55Z","timestamp":1767809395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article\/128\/2\/139\/8252043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep.1.00189","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-1626","1741-7899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-1626","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-7899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]}}}