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A segment of the umbilical cord (10\u201320 cm) from the insertion point in the placenta and 5 cm from the umbilicus was removed by the obstetrician and placed in a container with Krebs\u2013Henseleit solution (KHS). The Wharton\u2019s jelly was removed, and HUA and HUV rings (3 mm) were suspended in 10 mL organ baths containing oxygenated (95% O2:5% CO2) and heated (37 \u00b0C) KHS. For immunohistochemistry, the vessels were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned (4 \u00b5m). A-412997 did not induce contractions in the HUA rings. In HUA pre-contracted rings, A-412997 induced concentration-dependent relaxations, which were reduced when the HUA rings were pre-incubated with L-NAME. A-412997 caused concentration-dependent contractions of HUV rings, which were potentiated by pre-treatment with L-NAME and reduced by pre-incubation with 6-nitrodopamine. In HUV pre-contracted rings, A-412997 failed to induce relaxations. Sonepiprazole antagonized A-412997-induced contractions in HUV rings and provoked concentration-dependent relaxations in pre-contracted HUA and HUV rings. Dopamine D4 receptor was positive in both HUA and HUV, especially in the endothelium, and detected only in HUV smooth muscle cells. Activation of HUA D4 receptor is associated with relaxation, whereas in HUV, it leads to contraction. Differential expression of D4 receptors may modulate umbilical-placental blood flow.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/vb-24-0010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T13:57:29Z","timestamp":1738763849000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmacological and immunohistochemical characterization of dopamine D4 receptor in human umbilical artery and vein"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Pedro Renato","family":"Guazzelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0250-8468","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Britto-J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9rola Rafaella","family":"Cedano Godoy P Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinicius Francisco","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Tiago","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe Caliani","family":"Mathias Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9ria","family":"Barbosa de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edson","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Schenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilberto","family":"De Nucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1"},{"name":"2"},{"name":"3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"416","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070714052585700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23941-0_5","article-title":"Early development of the human placenta","volume-title":"Pathology of the Human Placenta","author":"Benirschke","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026070714052585700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-62383-2_11","volume-title":"Umbilicus and umbilical cord","author":"Fahmy","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026070714052585700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091880302","article-title":"Neurohistochemical evidence supporting an absence of adrenergic and cholinergic innervation in the human placenta and umbilical cord","volume":"188","author":"Reilly","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2026070714052585700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(05)80443-6","article-title":"Lack of innervation of human umbilical cord. 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