{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T19:21:18Z","timestamp":1783452078006,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":183,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB1444-P04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB1444-P04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p\/>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway components play a crucial role in cardiovascular homeostasis and sprouting angiogenesis. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are endothelial progenitor cells with a high proliferative and angiogenic capacity and therefore are valuable candidates for angiogenic therapies and vascular regeneration. Of note, a direct comparative analysis of human umbilical cord blood-derived ECFCs (CB-ECFCs) and peripheral blood-derived ECFCs (PB-ECFCs) with a focus on BMP signaling and potential tissue-dependent effects is lacking. In this study, we characterized the BMP signaling responses in ECFCs derived from the umbilical cord and peripheral blood. Analysis of SMAD1\/5 phosphorylation showed that BMP2 stimulation only leads to an activation of the BMP signaling pathway in PB-ECFCs, but not in CB-ECFCs. Analysis of gene expression levels of BMP\/TGF-\u03b2 type I and type II receptors demonstrated an elevated expression of ALK2 in PB-ECFCs. Evaluation of sprouting angiogenesis revealed that si-RNA-mediated silencing of ALK2 in CB-ECFCs results in hypersprouting, while si-RNA-mediated silencing of ALK3 leads to hypersprouting in PB-ECFCs. To conclude, we found a differential BMP signaling pathway activation in CB-ECFCs and PB-ECFCs, which is related to vascular bed-dependent expression of ALK2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/vb-25-0010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T13:00:47Z","timestamp":1769605247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative analysis of BMP signaling in human ECFCs reveals vascular bed-dependent\n                    <i>ALK2<\/i>\n                    expression"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nadine 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