{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T22:32:42Z","timestamp":1776637962874,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["eje.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The increasing prevalence of obesity is expected to promote the demand for endocrine testing. To facilitate evidence guided testing, we aimed to assess the prevalence of endocrine disorders in patients with obesity. The review was carried out as part of the <jats:italic>Endocrine Work-up for the Obesity Guideline<\/jats:italic> of the European Society of Endocrinology.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and COCHRANE Library for original articles assessing the prevalence of hypothyroidism, hypercortisolism, hypogonadism (males) or hyperandrogenism (females) in patients with obesity. Data were pooled in a random-effects logistic regression model and reported with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Sixty-eight studies were included, concerning a total of 19.996 patients with obesity. The pooled prevalence of overt (newly diagnosed or already treated) and subclinical hypothyroidism was 14.0% (95% CI: 9.7\u201318.9) and 14.6% (95% CI: 9.2\u201320.9), respectively. Pooled prevalence of hypercortisolism was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.3\u20131.6). Pooled prevalence of hypogonadism when measuring total testosterone or free testosterone was 42.8% (95% CI: 37.6\u201348.0) and 32.7% (95% CI: 23.1\u201343.0), respectively. Heterogeneity was high for all analyses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The prevalence of endocrine disorders in patients with obesity is considerable, although the underlying mechanisms are complex. Given the cross-sectional design of the studies included, no formal distinction between endocrine causes and consequences of obesity could be made.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/eje-19-0666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T14:44:28Z","timestamp":1572014668000},"page":"11-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Prevalence of endocrine disorders in obese patients: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"L T","family":"van Hulsteijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Pasquali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Casanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), CIBER de Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Haluzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Diabetes Centre and Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Ledoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Physiology, Obesity Center, Louis Mourier Hospital (APHP), Colombes and Paris Diderot University, Paris, France"}]},{"given":"M P","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Oporto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"7Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer and Obesity Consultant, University College of London, London, UK"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"9CIBEROBN, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Toplak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}]},{"given":"O M","family":"Dekkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"13Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"14Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark"}]}],"member":"286","container-title":["European Journal of Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/182\/1\/EJE-19-0666.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/eje.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/eje\/182\/1\/EJE-19-0666.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T16:13:53Z","timestamp":1676391233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ejendo\/article\/182\/1\/11\/6653901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje-19-0666","relation":{},"ISSN":["0804-4643","1479-683X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0804-4643","type":"print"},{"value":"1479-683X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}}}