{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:48:09Z","timestamp":1772783289022,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Bioscientifica","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["etj.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Previous trials show that selenium could be a very useful tool in the control and treatment of autoimmune thyroid diseases. In this cross-sectional study, through a survey, we aim to evaluate Portuguese endocrinologists' perception and pattern of prescription of selenium supplements in these diseases and verify its agreement with current guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The endocrinologists registered in the Portuguese Medical Association were sent an email with a web-based questionnaire, regarding their knowledge and use of selenium supplements in thyroid autoimmune pathology.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 105 physicians (33% of the total) submitted the survey. The selenium serum concentration in the general population was unknown to 80% of respondents. Over a third of respondents have never prescribed selenium for autoimmune thyroid disease. However, 89% are not afraid of recommending it, and 61% indicate Graves\u2019 orbitopathy as the pathology they would supplement. In Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis, 36% of respondents use selenium occasionally or frequently, and this percentage rises to 60% in Graves\u2019 disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Although recommendations only encompass mild Graves\u2019 orbitopathy, selenium is prescribed across the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid diseases, probably due to recent studies that consistently show improvement of biochemical hallmarks in these patients. Further investigation is required on the impact of selenium supplements on primarily clinical outcomes and to identify disorders and\/or patients who will benefit the most. Also, there is still insufficient knowledge of this field in the medical community, and evidence-based practice should continue to be promoted by endocrinology societies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1530\/etj-22-0090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T13:22:53Z","timestamp":1673270573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Survey on selenium clinical supplementation in autoimmune thyroid disease"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Liliana Ribeiro","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Vasconcelos Bessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Gaspar da Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Public Health Unit, ACES Baixo Mondego, Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Celestino","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hospital University Centre of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Hospital University Centre of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9607-6998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paula","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"bib1","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism","first-page":"923","article-title":"The incidence and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Europe: a meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Garmendia Madariaga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garmendia Madariaga ASantos Palacios SGuill\u00e9n-Grima FGalofr\u00e9 JC. 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