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By studying the role played by estradiol and progesterone in PR and ERa expression in the VMNvl along the estrous cycle and how the two receptors interact in the same neuron, we aim to evaluate the synergistic action of both ovarian hormones in the regulation of VMNvl activity. In animals at all phases of the estrous cycle, the number of VMN neurons expressing PR or ERa was estimated by stereological methods, and the percentage, and rostro-caudal distribution, of neurons simultaneously expressing both receptors was determined. The highest number of PR-immunoreactive neurons was seen at proestrus, and of ERa-immunoreactive neurons was seen at proestrus and metestrus. The ERa\/PR co-localization is increased at caudal levels. Approximately half the neurons expressing PR co-express ERa, a proportion that stays constant along the estrous cycle. The percentage of ERa neurons co-expressing PR changes from 60% at proestrus to 40% at metestrus. Fluctuations in circulating ovarian hormone levels promote coordinated changes in PR and ERa expression and co-localization. This may be an important mechanism in the regulation of input relayed by the VMNvl, allowing a precise modulation of endocrine responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/joe-16-0663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,11]],"date-time":"2017-03-11T01:10:25Z","timestamp":1489194625000},"page":"197-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-5","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dynamics of progesterone and estrogen receptor alpha in the ventromedial hypothalamus"],"prefix":"10.1530","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Susana I","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of BiomedicineUnit of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"2Faculty of MedicineCenter for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno M","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3UCIBIOREQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"416","reference":[{"key":"2017041117200678000_233.2.197.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blaustein JD 2009 Feminine reproductive behavior and physiology in rodents: integration of hormonal, behavioral and environmental influences. 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