{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T02:41:07Z","timestamp":1768531267245,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rep.bioscientifica.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Functional differentiation of chromatin structure is essential for the control of gene expression, nuclear architecture, and chromosome stability. Compelling evidence indicates that alterations in chromatin remodeling proteins play an important role in the pathogenesis of human disease. Among these, \u03b1-thalassemia mental retardation X-linked protein (ATRX) has recently emerged as a critical factor involved in heterochromatin formation at mammalian centromeres and telomeres as well as facultative heterochromatin on the murine inactive X chromosome. Mutations in human ATRX result in an X-linked neurodevelopmental condition with various degrees of gonadal dysgenesis (ATRX syndrome). Patients with ATRX syndrome may exhibit skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI) patterns, and ATRX-deficient mice exhibit abnormal imprinted XCI in the trophoblast cell line. Non-random or skewed XCI can potentially affect both the onset and severity of X-linked disease. Notably, failure to establish epigenetic modifications associated with the inactive X chromosome (Xi) results in several conditions that exhibit genomic and chromosome instability such as fragile X syndrome as well as cancer development. Insight into the molecular mechanisms of ATRX function and its interacting partners in different tissues will no doubt contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of ATRX syndrome as well as the epigenetic origins of aneuploidy. In turn, this knowledge will be essential for the identification of novel drug targets and diagnostic tools for cancer progression as well as the therapeutic management of global epigenetic changes commonly associated with malignant neoplastic transformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1530\/rep-10-0380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,9]],"date-time":"2011-06-09T00:27:05Z","timestamp":1307579225000},"page":"221-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/crossmarkpolicy-1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Role of ATRX in chromatin structure and function: implications for chromosome instability and human disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Rabindranath","family":"De La Fuente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria M","family":"Viveiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2009.09.017","article-title":"X inactivation and disease","volume":"21","author":"Agrelo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.03.006","article-title":"SATB1 defines the developmental context for gene silencing by Xist in lymphoma and embryonic cells","volume":"16","author":"Agrelo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11939","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704057104","article-title":"Structural consequences of disease-causing mutations in the ATRX-DNMT3-DNMT3L (ADD) domain of the chromatin-associated protein ATRX","volume":"104","author":"Argentaro","year":"2007","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1149420","article-title":"Sensing X chromosome pairs before X inactivation via a novel X-pairing region of the Xic","volume":"318","author":"Augui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1365","article-title":"Transient colocalization of X-inactivation centres accompanies the initiation of X inactivation","volume":"8","author":"Bacher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Cell Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31400","article-title":"ATRX syndrome in a girl with a heterozygous mutation in the ATRX Zn finger domain and a totally skewed X-inactivation pattern","volume":"140","author":"Badens","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr109","article-title":"Defective survival of proliferating Sertoli cells and androgen receptor function in a mouse model of the ATR-X syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Bagheri-Fam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2008.07.004","article-title":"PHD fingers in human diseases: disorders arising from misinterpreting epigenetic marks","volume":"647","author":"Baker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mutation Research\/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2010.10.014","article-title":"Histone variants in metazoan development","volume":"19","author":"Banaszynski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.01.015","article-title":"X-changing information on X inactivation","volume":"316","author":"Barakat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Experimental Cell Research"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00412-008-0189-x","article-title":"ATRX marks the inactive X chromosome (Xi) in somatic cells and during imprinted X chromosome inactivation in trophoblast stem cells","volume":"118","author":"Baumann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-9-29","article-title":"Association of ATRX with pericentric heterochromatin and the Y chromosome of neonatal mouse spermatogonia","volume":"9","author":"Baumann","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001137","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001137","article-title":"Loss of maternal ATRX results in centromere instability and aneuploidy in the mammalian oocyte and pre-implantation embryo","volume":"6","author":"Baumann","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-6-213","article-title":"Escape from X inactivation in mice and humans","volume":"11","author":"Berletch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009271706488","article-title":"Common methylation characteristics of sex chromosomes in somatic and germ cells from mouse, lemur and human","volume":"8","author":"Bernardino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chromosome Research"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.26.7.2560-2569.2006","article-title":"Mouse polycomb proteins bind differentially to methylated histone H3 and RNA and are enriched in facultative heterochromatin","volume":"26","author":"Bernstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.4.539","article-title":"Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation of the ATRX protein correlates with changes in nuclear matrix and chromatin association","volume":"9","author":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","year":"2000","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.3.253","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental defects resulting from ATRX overexpression in transgenic mice","volume":"11","author":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200522329","article-title":"The chromatin-remodeling protein ATRX is critical for neuronal survival during corticogenesis","volume":"115","author":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.142","article-title":"SmcHD1, containing a structural-maintenance-of-chromosomes hinge domain, has a critical role in X inactivation","volume":"40","author":"Blewitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/ng787","article-title":"Differentially methylated forms of histone H3 show unique association patterns with inactive human X chromosomes","volume":"30","author":"Boggs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/351325a0","article-title":"Characterization of a murine gene expressed from the inactive X chromosome","volume":"351","author":"Borsani","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8935-3-8","article-title":"Histone variant macroH2A1 deletion in mice causes female-specific steatosis","volume":"3","author":"Boulard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epigenetics & Chromatin"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(02)02717-8","article-title":"X-chromosome inactivation: closing in on proteins that bind Xist RNA","volume":"18","author":"Brockdorff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/351329a0","article-title":"Conservation of position and exclusive expression of mouse Xist from the inactive X chromosome","volume":"351","author":"Brockdorff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90519-I","article-title":"The product of the mouse Xist gene is a 15\u200akb inactive X-specific transcript containing no conserved ORF and located in the nucleus","volume":"71","author":"Brockdorff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/368154a0","article-title":"The human X-inactivation centre is not required for maintenance of X-chromosome inactivation","volume":"368","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/349082a0","article-title":"Localization of the X inactivation centre on the human X chromosome in Xq13","volume":"349","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90520-M","article-title":"The human XIST gene: analysis of a 17\u200akb inactive X-specific RNA that contains conserved repeats and is highly localized within the nucleus","volume":"71","author":"Brown","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20639","article-title":"The management of DNA double-strand breaks in mitotic G(2), and in mammalian meiosis viewed from a mitotic G(2) perspective","volume":"29","author":"Burgoyne","year":"2007","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17450","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408021101","article-title":"Multiple spatially distinct types of facultative heterochromatin on the human inactive X chromosome","volume":"101","author":"Chadwick","year":"2004","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-11-20","article-title":"Identification of regulatory elements flanking human XIST reveals species differences","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.380906","article-title":"A novel role for Xist RNA in the formation of a repressive nuclear compartment into which genes are recruited when silenced","volume":"20","author":"Chaumeil","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.04.042","article-title":"LINE-1 activity in facultative heterochromatin formation during X chromosome inactivation","volume":"141","author":"Chow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.132.3.259","article-title":"XIST RNA paints the inactive X chromosome at interphase: evidence for a novel RNA involved in nuclear\/chromosome structure","volume":"132","author":"Clemson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084-9521(02)00140-4","article-title":"Multiple elements within the Xic regulate random X inactivation in mice","volume":"14","author":"Clerc","year":"2003","journal-title":"Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5318-6","article-title":"Rescue of heterochromatin organization in Hutchinson\u2013Gilford progeria by drug treatment","volume":"62","author":"Columbaro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.11.2283","article-title":"Histone macroH2A1 is concentrated in the inactive X chromosome of female preimplantation mouse embryos","volume":"127","author":"Costanzi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.4.773","article-title":"Synergism of Xist RNA, DNA methylation, and histone hypoacetylation in maintaining X chromosome inactivation","volume":"153","author":"Csankovszki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.189","article-title":"Chromatin remodeling and cancer","volume":"2","author":"Davis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Biology & Therapy"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s10577-009-9058-6","article-title":"Unravelling the evolutionary origins of X chromosome inactivation in mammals: insights from marsupials and monotremes","volume":"17","author":"Deakin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chromosome Research"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2003.12.012","article-title":"ATRX, a member of the SNF2 family of helicase\/ATPases, is required for chromosome alignment and meiotic spindle organization in metaphase II stage mouse oocytes","volume":"272","author":"De La Fuente","year":"2004","journal-title":"Developmental Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr107","article-title":"The ATRX-ADD domain binds to H3 tail peptides and reads the combined methylation state of K4 and K9","volume":"20","author":"Dhayalan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.566910","article-title":"The death-associated protein DAXX is a novel histone chaperone involved in the replication-independent deposition of H3.3","volume":"24","author":"Drane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1203280","article-title":"New epigenetic drivers of cancers","volume":"331","author":"Elsasser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.02.032","article-title":"Ring1B compacts chromatin structure and represses gene expression independent of histone ubiquitination","volume":"38","author":"Eskeland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52812","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C400493200","article-title":"Ring1b-mediated H2A ubiquitination associates with inactive X chromosomes and is involved in initiation of X inactivation","volume":"279","author":"Fang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1748","article-title":"The epigenetic progenitor origin of human cancer","volume":"7","author":"Feinberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)01052-8","article-title":"BRCA1 supports XIST RNA concentration on the inactive X chromosome","volume":"111","author":"Ganesan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2003.10.026","article-title":"A conserved truncated isoform of the ATR-X syndrome protein lacking the SWI\/SNF-homology domain","volume":"326","author":"Garrick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020058","article-title":"Loss of Atrx affects trophoblast development and the pattern of X-inactivation in extraembryonic tissues","volume":"2","author":"Garrick","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(200023)97:3<204::AID-AJMG1038>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Molecular-clinical spectrum of the ATR-X syndrome","volume":"97","author":"Gibbons","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90287-2","article-title":"Mutations in a putative global transcriptional regulator cause X-linked mental retardation with alpha-thalassemia (ATR-X syndrome)","volume":"80","author":"Gibbons","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1097-146","article-title":"Mutations in transcriptional regulator ATRX establish the functional significance of a PHD-like domain","volume":"17","author":"Gibbons","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/74191","article-title":"Mutations in ATRX, encoding a SWI\/SNF-like protein, cause diverse changes in the pattern of DNA methylation","volume":"24","author":"Gibbons","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1213","article-title":"Identification of acquired somatic mutations in the gene encoding chromatin-remodeling factor ATRX in the [alpha]-thalassemia myelodysplasia syndrome (ATMDS)","volume":"34","author":"Gibbons","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20734","article-title":"Mutations in the chromatin-associated protein ATRX","volume":"29","author":"Gibbons","year":"2008","journal-title":"Human Mutation"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.003","article-title":"Distinct factors control histone variant H3.3 localization at specific genomic regions","volume":"140","author":"Goldberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190831","article-title":"Sex-specific parent-of-origin allelic expression in the mouse brain","volume":"329","author":"Gregg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190830","article-title":"High-resolution analysis of parent-of-origin allelic expression in the mouse brain","volume":"329","author":"Gregg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2008.07505.x","article-title":"The role of X-inactivation in the gender bias of patients with acquired alpha-thalassaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (ATMDS)","volume":"144","author":"Haas","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Haematology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8677","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.132468999","article-title":"An ectopic human XIST gene can induce chromosome inactivation in postdifferentiation human HT-1080 cells","volume":"99","author":"Hall","year":"2002","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21411","article-title":"X-inactivation reveals epigenetic anomalies in most hESC but identifies sublines that initiate as expected","volume":"216","author":"Hall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200811143","article-title":"AURKB-mediated effects on chromatin regulate binding versus release of XIST RNA to the inactive chromosome","volume":"186","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1422906","article-title":"Dosage compensation in mammals: fine-tuning the expression of the X chromosome","volume":"20","author":"Heard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00598-0","article-title":"Methylation of histone H3 at Lys-9 is an early mark on the X chromosome during X inactivation","volume":"107","author":"Heard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00412-003-0258-0","article-title":"Scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A) is concentrated in inactive X chromosome territories through its RGG domain","volume":"112","author":"Helbig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1136352","article-title":"Gene body-specific methylation on the active X chromosome","volume":"315","author":"Hellman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/2.6.663","article-title":"Evolutionary conservation of possible functional domains of the human and murine XIST genes","volume":"2","author":"Hendrich","year":"1993","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7635","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408918102","article-title":"Stable X chromosome inactivation involves the PRC1 polycomb complex and requires histone MACROH2A1 and the CULLIN3\/SPOP ubiquitin E3 ligase","volume":"102","author":"Hernandez-Munoz","year":"2005","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01230","article-title":"Heterochromatin and ND10 are cell-cycle regulated and phosphorylation-dependent alternate nuclear sites of the transcription repressor Daxx and SWI\/SNF protein ATRX","volume":"117","author":"Ishov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90419-Q","article-title":"The inactive X chromosome in female mammals is distinguished by a lack of histone H4 acetylation, a cytogenetic marker for gene expression","volume":"74","author":"Jeppesen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200609","article-title":"DAXX\/ATRX, MEN1, and mTOR pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"331","author":"Jiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.10.034","article-title":"RNF12 is an X-encoded dose-dependent activator of X chromosome inactivation","volume":"139","author":"Jonkers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.02.004","article-title":"The long and the short of it: RNA-directed chromatin asymmetry in mammalian X-chromosome inactivation","volume":"583","author":"Kanduri","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6163","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207808","article-title":"Characterization of loss-of-inactive X in Klinefelter syndrome and female-derived cancer cells","volume":"23","author":"Kawakami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2009.12.017","article-title":"ATRX partners with cohesin and MeCP2 and contributes to developmental silencing of imprinted genes in the brain","volume":"18","author":"Kernohan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.11.002","article-title":"NAD(+)-dependent modulation of chromatin structure and transcription by nucleosome binding properties of PARP-1","volume":"119","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1331805","article-title":"Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation by PARP-1: \u2018PAR-laying\u2019 NAD+ into a nuclear signal","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.09.023","article-title":"ATR-X syndrome protein targets tandem repeats and influences allele-specific expression in a size-dependent manner","volume":"143","author":"Law","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1811209","article-title":"Lessons from X-chromosome inactivation: long ncRNA as guides and tethers to the epigenome","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(97)80138-4","article-title":"The (epi)genetic control of mammalian X-chromosome inactivation","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Genetics & Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80061-6","article-title":"Targeted mutagenesis of Tsix leads to nonrandom X inactivation","volume":"99","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/7734","article-title":"Tsix, a gene antisense to Xist at the X-inactivation centre","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.04.010","article-title":"Derivation of pre-X inactivation human embryonic stem cells under physiological oxygen concentrations","volume":"141","author":"Lengner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14075","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008850107","article-title":"Daxx is an H3.3-specific histone chaperone and cooperates with ATRX in replication-independent chromatin assembly at telomeres","volume":"107","author":"Lewis","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1038\/190372a0","article-title":"Gene action in the X-chromosome of the mouse","volume":"190","author":"Lyon","year":"1961","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.07.041","article-title":"Key features of the X inactivation process are conserved between marsupials and eutherians","volume":"19","author":"Mahadevaiah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00892-8","article-title":"Mitotically stable association of polycomb group proteins eed and enx1 with the inactive x chromosome in trophoblast stem cells","volume":"12","author":"Mak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.2.156","article-title":"Xist-deficient mice are defective in dosage compensation but not spermatogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Marahrens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.092643.109","article-title":"High-resolution analysis of epigenetic changes associated with X inactivation","volume":"19","author":"Marks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Research"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13983","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.13983","article-title":"Localization of a putative transcriptional regulator (ATRX) at pericentromeric heterochromatin and the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes","volume":"96","author":"McDowell","year":"1999","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg206","article-title":"Functional interaction between PARP-1 and PARP-2 in chromosome stability and embryonic development in mouse","volume":"22","author":"M\u00e9nissier de Murcia","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO Journal"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.12.1428","article-title":"The role of X inactivation and cellular mosaicism in women's health and sex-specific diseases","volume":"295","author":"Migeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008020198","article-title":"X inactivation, female mosaicism, and sex differences in renal diseases","volume":"19","author":"Migeon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12025","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.24.12025","article-title":"Deficient transcription of XIST from tiny ring X chromosomes in females with severe phenotypes","volume":"90","author":"Migeon","year":"1993","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.8.1611","article-title":"The time course and chromosomal localization of recombination-related proteins at meiosis in the mouse are compatible with models that can resolve the early DNA\u2013DNA interactions without reciprocal recombination","volume":"115","author":"Moens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6164095","article-title":"Reactivation of an inactive human X chromosome: evidence for X inactivation by DNA methylation","volume":"211","author":"Mohandas","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1086\/518369","article-title":"Defining the cause of skewed X-chromosome inactivation in X-linked mental retardation by use of a mouse model","volume":"80","author":"Muers","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608056104","article-title":"Interaction between chromatin proteins MECP2 and ATRX is disrupted by mutations that cause inherited mental retardation","volume":"104","author":"Nan","year":"2007","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2004.10.005","article-title":"Polycomb group proteins Ring1A\/B link ubiquitylation of histone H2A to heritable gene silencing and X inactivation","volume":"7","author":"de Napoles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.10.013","article-title":"Analysis of active and inactive X chromosome architecture reveals the independent organization of 30\u200anm and large-scale chromatin structures","volume":"40","author":"Naughton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160952","article-title":"Molecular coupling of Xist regulation and pluripotency","volume":"321","author":"Navarro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400871","article-title":"Xist and the order of silencing","volume":"8","author":"Ng","year":"2007","journal-title":"EMBO Reports"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1705","article-title":"Dosage compensation of the active X chromosome in mammals","volume":"38","author":"Nguyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12851","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M610502200","article-title":"Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 is inhibited by a histone H2A variant, MacroH2A, and contributes to silencing of the inactive X chromosome","volume":"282","author":"Nusinow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(03)00063-7","article-title":"Xite, X-inactivation intergenic transcription elements that regulate the probability of choice","volume":"11","author":"Ogawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10577-009-9057-7","article-title":"Lessons from comparative analysis of X-chromosome inactivation in mammals","volume":"17","author":"Okamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chromosome Research"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09872","article-title":"Eutherian mammals use diverse strategies to initiate X-chromosome inactivation during development","volume":"472","author":"Okamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.10.2897","article-title":"A developmental switch in H4 acetylation upstream of Xist plays a role in X chromosome inactivation","volume":"18","author":"O'Neill","year":"1999","journal-title":"EMBO Journal"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.396106","article-title":"The histone variant mH2A1.1 interferes with transcription by down-regulating PARP-1 enzymatic activity","volume":"20","author":"Ouararhni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2172","article-title":"The disappearing Barr body in breast and ovarian cancers","volume":"7","author":"Pageau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Cancer"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2008.10.007","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation and the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"153","author":"Pan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Translational Research"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.08.022","article-title":"Kcnq1ot1 antisense noncoding RNA mediates lineage-specific transcriptional silencing through chromatin-level regulation","volume":"32","author":"Pandey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5198","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810683106","article-title":"Dynamic changes in paternal X-chromosome activity during imprinted X-chromosome inactivation in mice","volume":"106","author":"Patrat","year":"2009","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.42.110807.091711","article-title":"X chromosome dosage compensation: how mammals keep the balance","volume":"42","author":"Payer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annual Review of Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/5.12.1899","article-title":"ATRX encodes a novel member of the SNF2 family of proteins: mutations point to a common mechanism underlying the ATR-X syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Picketts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s003359900781","article-title":"Comparison of the human and murine ATRX gene identifies highly conserved, functionally important domains","volume":"9","author":"Picketts","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mammalian Genome"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1084274","article-title":"Role of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in X inactivation","volume":"300","author":"Plath","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200409026","article-title":"Developmentally regulated alterations in polycomb repressive complex 1 proteins on the inactive X chromosome","volume":"167","author":"Plath","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.035956","article-title":"The Trithorax group protein Ash2l and Saf-A are recruited to the inactive X chromosome at the onset of stable X inactivation","volume":"137","author":"Pullirsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2005.033043","article-title":"X linked mental retardation: a clinical guide","volume":"43","author":"Raymond","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17657","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910322107","article-title":"Epigenetic modifications on X chromosomes in marsupial and monotreme mammals and implications for evolution of dosage compensation","volume":"107","author":"Rens","year":"2010","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200706083","article-title":"Loss of ATRX leads to chromosome cohesion and congression defects","volume":"180","author":"Ritchie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5475","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.12.5475-5484.2004","article-title":"Differential histone H3 Lys-9 and Lys-27 methylation profiles on the X chromosome","volume":"24","author":"Rougeulle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1159\/000093636","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia subgroups identified by pathway-restricted gene expression signatures","volume":"116","author":"Serrano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Haematologica"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8703","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602569103","article-title":"Mutant nuclear lamin A leads to progressive alterations of epigenetic control in premature aging","volume":"103","author":"Shumaker","year":"2006","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00068-6","article-title":"Establishment of histone h3 methylation on the inactive X chromosome requires transient recruitment of Eed-Enx1 polycomb group complexes","volume":"4","author":"Silva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4820","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712136105","article-title":"X-chromosome inactivation and epigenetic fluidity in human embryonic stem cells","volume":"105","author":"Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00412-004-0325-1","article-title":"Ubiquitinated proteins including uH2A on the human and mouse inactive X chromosome: enrichment in gene rich bands","volume":"113","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.26","article-title":"Histone macroH2A isoforms predict the risk of lung cancer recurrence","volume":"28","author":"Sporn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.7.2757-2769.2005","article-title":"Identification of developmentally specific enhancers for Tsix in the regulation of X chromosome inactivation","volume":"25","author":"Stavropoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-09-3360","article-title":"Acquired somatic ATRX mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome associated with {alpha} thalassemia (ATMDS) convey a more severe hematologic phenotype than germline ATRX mutations","volume":"103","author":"Steensma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2792","article-title":"Acquired alpha-thalassemia in association with myelodysplastic syndrome and other hematologic malignancies","volume":"105","author":"Steensma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2008.11.030","article-title":"Assessment of ATRX expression in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes treated with decitabine","volume":"33","author":"Steensma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia Research"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2008.145","article-title":"X-chromosome inactivation and skin disease","volume":"128","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.109.1.189","article-title":"Detrimental effects of two active X chromosomes on early mouse development","volume":"109","author":"Takagi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20369","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M401321200","article-title":"A novel transcription regulatory complex containing death domain-associated protein and the ATR-X syndrome protein","volume":"279","author":"Tang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2004.07.006","article-title":"ATRX and sex differentiation","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.20221","article-title":"Localisation of the chromatin remodelling protein, ATRX in the adult testis","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction and Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1664","article-title":"A macrodomain-containing histone rearranges chromatin upon sensing PARP1 activation","volume":"16","author":"Timinszky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Structural & Molecular Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2007.09.011","article-title":"Facultative heterochromatin: is there a distinctive molecular signature?","volume":"28","author":"Trojer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Molecular Cell"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078764","article-title":"Chromatin loosening by poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) at Drosophila puff loci","volume":"299","author":"Tulin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1003902","article-title":"The Drosophila heterochromatic gene encoding poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is required to modulate chromatin structure during development","volume":"16","author":"Tulin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes and Development"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei484","article-title":"Evidence of a high proportion of premature unbalanced separation of sister chromatids in the first polar bodies of women of advanced age","volume":"21","author":"Vialard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1997.4793","article-title":"Determination of the genomic structure of the XNP\/ATRX gene encoding a potential zinc finger helicase","volume":"43","author":"Villard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5134","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-0465","article-title":"X inactive-specific transcript RNA coating and genetic instability of the X chromosome in BRCA1 breast tumors","volume":"67","author":"Vincent-Salomon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1038\/ng574","article-title":"Imprinted X inactivation maintained by a mouse Polycomb group gene","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.101477.109","article-title":"ATRX interacts with H3.3 in maintaining telomere structural integrity in pluripotent embryonic stem cells","volume":"20","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genome Research"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1122984","article-title":"Transient homologous chromosome pairing marks the onset of X inactivation","volume":"311","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10635","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1937626100","article-title":"The ATRX syndrome protein forms a chromatin-remodeling complex with Daxx and localizes in promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies","volume":"100","author":"Xue","year":"2003","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2009.05.550","article-title":"Persistence of histone H2AX phosphorylation after meiotic chromosome synapsis and abnormal centromere cohesion in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (Parp-1) null oocytes","volume":"331","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental Biology"},{"key":"2026010712562811900_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.03.036","article-title":"Perinucleolar targeting of the inactive X during S phase: evidence for a role in the maintenance of silencing","volume":"129","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Reproduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rep.bioscientifica.com\/view\/journals\/rep\/142\/2\/221.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/142\/2\/221\/64534467\/221.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article-pdf\/142\/2\/221\/64534467\/221.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T18:03:55Z","timestamp":1767809035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/reproduction\/article\/142\/2\/221\/8243467"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"references-count":153,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/rep-10-0380","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-1626","1741-7899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-1626","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-7899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]]}}}